下一段活用
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
下 | 一 | 段 | 活 | 用 |
しも Grade: 1 |
いち Grade: 1 |
だん Grade: 6 |
かつ Grade: 2 |
よう Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi | goon | kan'on |
Etymology
[edit]Compound of 下 (shimo, “lower”) + 一段活用 (ichidan katsuyō, “monograde conjugation”).
Literally, 下一段 (shimo ichidan) refers to how the inflected endings are located in the gojūon table. 下 (shimo) means the vowel e, which is written beneath the vowel i, the other inflection-related vowel. 一段 (ichidan, “one grade”) means only one vowel is involved, since each 段 (dan, “row”) of the table contains one vowel. Thus, this can be understood as "one-voweled conjugation in e".
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) しもいちだんかつよー [shìmó íchídáń káꜜtsùyòò] (Nakadaka – [7])[1]
- IPA(key): [ɕimo̞ it͡ɕida̠ŋ ka̠t͡sɨjo̞ː]
Noun
[edit]下一段活用 • (shimo ichidan katsuyō) ←しもいちだんくわつよう (simo itidan kwatuyou)?
Modern | 未然形 Irrealis |
連用形 Adverbial |
終止形 Conclusive |
連体形 Attributive |
仮定形 Conditional |
命令形 Imperative |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
受ける (uke-, “to receive”) | 受け (uke) | 受け (uke) | 受ける (ukeru) | 受ける (ukeru) | 受けれ (ukere) | 受けよ (ukeyo) 受けろ (ukero) |
出る (de-, “to leave”) | 出 (de) | 出 (de) | 出る (deru) | 出る (deru) | 出れ (dere) | 出よ (deyo) 出ろ (dero) |
食べる (tabe-, “to eat”) | 食べ (tabe) | 食べ (tabe) | 食べる (taberu) | 食べる (taberu) | 食べれ (tabere) | 食べよ (tabeyo) 食べろ (tabero) |
Archaic | 未然形 Irrealis |
連用形 Adverbial |
終止形 Conclusive |
連体形 Attributive |
已然形 Realis |
命令形 Imperative |
蹴る (ke-, “to kick”) | 蹴 (ke) | 蹴 (ke) | 蹴る (keru) | 蹴る (keru) | 蹴れ (kere) | 蹴よ (keyo) |
Usage notes
[edit]- The only archaic verb of this class, 蹴る (keru, “to kick”), was integrated into the 五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) class after around the mid-Edo period.
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 下 read as しも
- Japanese terms spelled with 一 read as いち
- Japanese terms spelled with 段 read as だん
- Japanese terms spelled with 活 read as かつ
- Japanese terms spelled with 用 read as よう
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms historically spelled with わ
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 5 kanji
- ja:Grammar