wünschen
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German wünschen, wunschen, from Old High German wunsken (“to choose, wish, desire”), from Proto-West Germanic *wunskijan (“to wish”), from Proto-Germanic *wunskijaną (“to wish”), derived from *wunskaz, *wunskō (“wish, desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *wun-, *wenh₁- (“to wish, love”). Cognate with Dutch wensen (“to wish”), English wish, Danish ønske (“to wish”), and further Sanskrit वांछ् (vāṃch, “to want”). Related to German Wonne (“lust, desire”). See also winsome, wone.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]wünschen (weak, third-person singular present wünscht, past tense wünschte, past participle gewünscht, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive, dative reflexive) to wish for; to make a wish for; to want; to desire
- Ich wünsche mir ein Meerschweinchen.
- I want a guinea pig.
- (transitive) to wish [with dative ‘someone’ and accusative ‘something’]
- Ich wünsche dir alles Gute.
- I wish you all the best.
- (transitive, formal) to demand, to order
- Ich wünsche eine Erklärung!
- I demand an explanation!
- (transitive, formal, chiefly in the negative) to tolerate, to brook
- Ich wünsche ein solches Verhalten nicht.
- I will not brook such behaviour.
Usage notes
[edit]- If what is being wished for is not a thing, but for a statement to be true, the Subjunctive II form is used for both wünschen and the verb in the statement. For example:
- Ich wünschte, ich wäre eine Prinzessin.
- I wish I were a princess.
- Ich wünschte, ich hätte einen Drachen.
- I wish I had a dragon.
- Ich wünschte, es gäbe echte Drachen.
- I wish there were real dragons.
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | wünschen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | wünschend | ||||
past participle | gewünscht | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich wünsche | wir wünschen | i | ich wünsche | wir wünschen |
du wünschst du wünscht1 |
ihr wünscht | du wünschest | ihr wünschet | ||
er wünscht | sie wünschen | er wünsche | sie wünschen | ||
preterite | ich wünschte | wir wünschten | ii | ich wünschte2 | wir wünschten2 |
du wünschtest | ihr wünschtet | du wünschtest2 | ihr wünschtet2 | ||
er wünschte | sie wünschten | er wünschte2 | sie wünschten2 | ||
imperative | wünsch (du) wünsche (du) |
wünscht (ihr) |
1Permitted officially in Austria; used colloquially throughout the German-speaking area.
2Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache, Friedrich Kluge
Further reading
[edit]- “wünschen” in Duden online
- “wünschen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “wünschen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “wünschen” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
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- German terms derived from Old High German
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