白菜
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Chinese[edit]
white; empty; blank white; empty; blank; bright; clear; plain; pure; gratuitous |
dish (type of food); vegetables | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (白菜) | 白 | 菜 | |
simp. #(白菜) | 白 | 菜 |
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
白菜
- Various varieties of Brassica rapa, including:
- napa cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis)
- 他說:「哪兒也比不了北京。北京的熬白菜也比別處好吃,——五味神在北京。」 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1993, 汪曾祺 (Wang Zengqi), 胡同文化
- Tā shuō: “Nǎr yě bǐ bùliǎo Běijīng. Běijīng de āo báicài yě bǐ biéchù hǎochī, — Wǔwèishén zài Běijīng.” [Pinyin]
- He said, “No place [else] can match Beijing. Even Beijing’s boiled napa cabbage tastes better than [it does] elsewhere – Wuweishen is at Beijing.”
他说:「哪儿也比不了北京。北京的熬白菜也比别处好吃,——五味神在北京。」 [MSC, simp.]
- bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)
- 有了你開心D,乜都稱心滿意,鹹魚白菜也好好味。 [Cantonese, trad.]
- From: 1980, 林子祥 (George Lam), 分分鐘需要你
- jau5 liu5 nei5 hoi1 sam1 di1, mat1 dou1 cing3 sam1 mun5 ji3, haam4 jyu4-2 baak6 coi3 jaa5 hou2 hou2 mei6. [Jyutping]
- With you I'm happier, everything's going as I wish, even salted fish and bok choy make a delicious meal.
有了你开心D,乜都称心满意,咸鱼白菜也好好味。 [Cantonese, simp.]
- napa cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis)
Usage notes[edit]
Regional usage differs on which variety 白菜 usually refers to.
Synonyms[edit]
- (napa cabbage):
- (bok choy):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 小白菜 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 小白菜兒 |
Harbin | 小白菜兒 | |
Yantai (Muping) | 小白菜兒 | |
Luoyang | 小白菜兒 | |
Xi'an | 小白菜 | |
Yinchuan | 小白菜 | |
Xining | 小白菜 | |
Ürümqi | 小白菜 | |
Wuhan | 白菜 | |
Chengdu | 白菜秧兒, 小白菜 | |
Guilin | 小白菜 | |
Liuzhou | 小白菜 | |
Xuzhou | 小白菜, 青菜 | |
Nanjing | 青菜 | |
Singapore | 小白菜 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 白菜 |
Hong Kong | 白菜 | |
Taishan | 白菜 | |
Dongguan | 白菜 | |
Gan | Pingxiang | 白菜 |
Hakka | Meixian | 白菜 |
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 白菜仔 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 白菜 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 白菜 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 白菜 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 白菜 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 白菜 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 白菜 | |
Luchuan (Daqiao) | 小白菜 | |
Jin | Xinzhou | 小白菜 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 白菜仔 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 白菜囝 |
Fuqing | 白菜囝 | |
Southern Min | Haikou | 青菜 |
Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 小白菜 |
Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 小青菜 |
Danyang | 青菜 |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Early Mandarin 白菜 (EM *pajᴸᴸtsʰajᴰ):
- → Middle Korean: ᄇᆡ〯ᄎᆡ〮 (pǒychóy)
Others:
- → Cebuano: petsay, pechay, petsay
- → English: pechay
- → English: bok choy, pak choi, bokchoi, bok choi, baicai, petsai
- → Russian: бокчо́й (bokčój)
- → Italian: pe-tsai
- → Japanese: 白菜 (pakuchoi, “bok choy”)
- → Mongolian: байцаа (bajcaa, “cabbage”)
- → Russian: петса́й (petsáj)
- → Tagalog: petsay, pechay
- → English: pechay
- → Tibetan: པད་ཚལ (pad tshal)
- → Spanish: pac-choy
See also[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
白 | 菜 |
はく Grade: 1 |
さい Grade: 4 |
on’yomi |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Tokyo) はくさい [hàk
úsáꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2][3] - (Tokyo) はくさい [hàk
úsáí] (Heiban – [0])[2][3][1] - IPA(key): [ha̠kɯ̟̊ᵝsa̠i]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
白 | 菜 |
ぱく Grade: 1 |
ちょい Grade: 4 |
irregular |
Borrowed from Cantonese 白菜 (baak6 coi3).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
白 | 菜 |
Noun[edit]
Categories:
- Mandarin words containing toneless variants
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mandarin terms with quotations
- Cantonese terms with quotations
- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:Brassicas
- zh:Vegetables
- Japanese terms spelled with 白 read as はく
- Japanese terms spelled with 菜 read as さい
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with two Han script characters
- Japanese terms spelled with 白
- Japanese terms spelled with 菜
- Japanese terms with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese terms borrowed from Cantonese
- Japanese terms derived from Cantonese
- Japanese words with multiple readings
- ja:Brassicas
- ja:Vegetables
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script