ire

See also: Ire, IRE, iré, íre, ìre, Irē, -ire, and -iré

English

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /aɪɹ/
• (UK) IPA^(key): /aɪ.ə(ɹ)/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪə(r)

Etymology 1

From Middle English ire, yre, shortened form of iren (“iron”). More at iron.

Noun

ire (plural ires)

1. (Now chiefly dialectal) Iron.

   The cruel ire, red as any gleed. — Chaucer.

Etymology 2

From Middle English ire, from Old French ire (“ire”), from Latin ira (“wrath, rage”), from Proto-Indo-European *eis- (“to fall upon, act sharply”) (compare Old English ofost (“haste, zeal”), Old Norse eisa (“to race forward”), Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural, holy”), οἶστρος (oîstros, “frenzy; gadfly”), Avestan aesma 'anger', Sanskrit eṣati 'it drives on').

Noun

ire (uncountable)

1. (literary, poetic) Great anger; wrath; keen resentment.
   • Geoffrey Chaucer's The Knight's Tale.

     That lord is now of Thebes the Citee,

     Fulfild of ire and of iniquitee,

     He, for despit and for his tirannye,

     To do the dede bodyes vileynye,

     Of alle oure lordes, whiche that been slawe,

     Hath alle the bodyes on an heep ydrawe,

     And wol nat suffren hem, by noon assent,

     Neither to been yburyed nor ybrent.

   • John Sidney

     She lik'd not his desire; Fain would be free, but dreaded parents' ire.

   • John Gower, Confessio Amantis.

     " My good father, tell me this ;

     "What thing is ire?

     Sonne, it is That in our English wrath is hote."

   • William Shakespeare, Henry IV.

     If I digg'd up thy forefathers graves, And hung their rotten coffins up in chains, It could not slake mine ire, nor ease my heart.

   • John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book IX.

     Or Neptune's ire, or Juno's, that so long Perplex'd the Greek and Cytherea's son.

   • John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book X.

     The sentence, from thy head remov'd, may light On me, sole cause to thee of all this woe; Me! me! only just object of his ire.

   • John Dryden

     For this th' avenging pow'r employs his darts, And empties all his quiver in our hearts; Thus will persist, relentless in his ire, 'Till the fair slave be render'd to her sire

Synonyms

• fury
• rage
• wrath

Related terms

• irascibility
• irascible
• irate
• ireful

Translations

great anger

• Catalan: ira (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 憤怒 (zh), 愤怒 (zh) (fènnù)

• Dutch: toorn (nl) m, woede (nl) f
• Esperanto: kolero (eo)
• Finnish: viha (fi)
• French: ire (fr) f, colère (fr) f
• German: Ärger (de) m, Wut (de) f, Zorn (de) m
• Italian: ira (it) f
• Japanese: 怒り (ja) (いかり, ikari)

• Macedonian: гнев m (gnev), бес m (бес)
• Maori: hīnawanawa, hīkaka, nguha, nguha
• Persian: غضب‎‎ (fa) (ğazab)
• Polish: wściekłość (pl) f, furia (pl) f
• Portuguese: ira (pt) f
• Romanian: mânie (ro) f, furie (ro) f
• Russian: гнев (ru) m (gnev), я́рость (ru) f (járostʹ), злость (ru) f (zlostʹ), зло́ба (ru) f (zlóba)
• Spanish: ira (es) f
• Thai: ความโกรธ (th) (kwaam gròht), ความโมโห (kwaam mohŏh), โทสะ (too-sà)

Verb

ire (third-person singular simple present ires, present participle iring, simple past and past participle ired)

1. (transitive) To anger; to fret; to irritate.

Translations

anger, fret

• Dutch: woeden (nl), laaien (nl)
• Faroese: øsa
• Macedonian: беснее (bésnee)

• Romanian: înfuria (ro), mânia (ro)
• Thai: ทำให้โกรธ (tam hâi gròht), ทำให้โกรธเคือง (tam hâi gròht keuang)

References

• ire in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
• ire in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913

Anagrams

• -ier, EIR, Eri., eir, rei, rie

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Dongxiang

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *ire-, compare Mongolian ирэх (ireh), Daur irgw.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iˈrə/, [iˈɾɛ]

Verb

ire

1. to come

Derived terms

• iregva (“to make come”)
• iredan (“manner of coming”)

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French

Etymology

From Latin īra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iʁ/
• Rhymes: -iʁ

Noun

ire f (plural ires)

1. (archaic, literary or poetic) ire, anger

   Synonym: colère

Further reading

• “ire” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• rie

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Italian

Noun

ire f

1. plural of ira

Etymology 2

From Latin īre, present active infinitive of eō.

Verb

ire

1. (obsolete, regional, literary) to go

Conjugation

• Highly defective. Mostly obsolete (with the exceptions of ire, ito and ite, still used in regional contexts).

    Conjugation of ire

infinitive	ire
auxiliary verb		essere	gerund		—
present participle		—	past participle		ito
person	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	io	tu	lui/lei, esso/essa	noi	voi	loro, essi/esse
present	—	—	—	—	ite	—
imperfect	—	—	iva	—	—	ivano
past historic	—	isti	—	—	—	irono
future	—	—	—	irémo	iréte	—
conditional	io	tu	lui/lei, esso/essa	noi	voi	loro, essi/esse
present	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive	che io	che tu	che lui/che lei, che esso/che essa	che noi	che voi	che loro, che essi/che esse
present	ea	ea	ea	—	—	—
imperfect	—	—	—	—	—	—
imperative	—	tu	Lei	noi	voi	Loro
		—	—	—	ite	—

Synonyms

• andare, gire

Anagrams

• eri, rei, riè

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Latin

Verb

īre

1. present active infinitive of eō

References

• ire in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎^[1]

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Middle English

Etymology 1

Determiner

ire

1. Alternative form of hire

Pronoun

ire

1. Alternative form of hire

References

• “hir, (pron.1)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 10 May 2018.

Etymology 2

Pronoun

ire

1. Alternative form of hire

References

• “hir(e), pron (2)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 10 June 2018.

Etymology 3

From Old English ēare.

Noun

ire

1. Alternative form of ere (“ear”)

Etymology 4

Determiner

ire

1. Alternative form of here (“their”)

References

• “her(e (pron.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 12 June 2018.

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Middle French

Etymology

Old French ire < Latin īra.

Noun

ire f (plural ires)

1. ire; rage; fury

Descendants

• French: ire

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Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

ire m (definite singular iren, indefinite plural irer, definite plural irene)

1. person from Ireland, Irishman.

Synonyms

• irlender
• irlending

Related terms

• Republikken Irland, Irland
• irsk

References

• “ire” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

ire m (definite singular iren, indefinite plural irar, definite plural irane)

1. person from Ireland, Irishman.

Synonyms

• irlendar
• irlending

Related terms

• Republikken Irland, Irland
• irsk

References

• “ire” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Old French

Etymology

Latin īra.

Noun

ire f (oblique plural ires, nominative singular ire, nominative plural ires)

1. ire, anger, rage

Descendants

• English: ire (borrowed)
• French: ire (now rare)

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (ire)
• ire on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub

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Old Saxon

Alternative forms

• ira
• iro
• iru

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hiz.

Pronoun

ire

1. Alternative form of ira

Declension

Old Saxon personal pronouns

Personal pronouns
Singular	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	ik	thū	hē	siu	it
Accusative	mī, me, mik	thī, thik	ina	sia
Dative	mī	thī	imu	iru	it
Genitive	mīn	thīn	is	ira	is
Dual	1.	2.	-	-	-
Nominative	wit	git	-	-	-
Accusative	unk	ink	-	-	-
Dative
Genitive	unkero		-	-	-
Plural	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	wī, we	gī, ge	sia	sia	siu
Accusative	ūs, unsik	eu, iu, iuu
Dative	ūs		im
Genitive	ūser	euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera	iro

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Portuguese

Verb

ire

1. first-person singular present subjunctive of irar
2. third-person singular present subjunctive of irar
3. third-person singular imperative of irar