-ier
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ier"
English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ier
- spelling of the suffix sequence -y followed by -er, or of any word ending in -(e)y suffixed with -er.
See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle English -ier, -iere from verbs ending in -ien + -ere, later extended to form other nouns (e.g. Middle English clothyer, glasiere, lovier, tiliere). Later reinforced by Middle French and modern French -ier, largely in words more recently borrowed from or influenced by French (e.g. cashier, financier, etc.). Doublet of -ar, -ary, -eer, and -yer.
Suffix
[edit]-ier
- Forming nouns denoting occupations, particularly with words from French.
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ier m (noun-forming suffix, plural -iers, diminutive -iertje n)
- -er, -ist; forms agent nouns, indicating someone who performs a function, sometimes professionally
- beiaard (“carillon”) + -ier → beiaardier (“carillonist”)
- harpoen (“harpoon”) + -ier → harpoenier (“harpooner”)
- French poule (“hen”) + -ier → poelier (“poultry seller”)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle French -ier, -er, from Old French -ier, -er, from Latin -ārium, the accusative of -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -aire.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /je/
Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Somain)): (file)
Suffix
[edit]-ier m (noun-forming suffix, plural -iers, feminine -ière)
- forms the names of trees or bushes bearing a particular type of fruit
- forms the names of ships
- forms the names of jobs
- chocolat (“chocolate”) + -ier → chocolatier (“chocolatier”)
Suffix
[edit]-ier (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ière, masculine plural -iers, feminine plural -ières)
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “-ier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /i̯eː/, /jeː/
Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file) Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file) - Hyphenation: -ier
Suffix
[edit]-ier m
- A noun-forming suffix, used especially to render similar suffixes in borrowings from French.
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]Latin
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ier
- alternative form of -ri (present passive infinitive)
Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ier
- alternative form of -er (agentive suffix)
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ier
- alternative form of -iere
Middle French
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ier
- alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting a verb)
- alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession)
Old French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
Etymology 1
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -er (present in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France)
- -ar (9th and 10th centuries. Only a couple of words are attested with this suffix, salvar, intrar and devastar)
Suffix
[edit]-ier
- suffix used to form infinitives of first conjugation verbs
- forgier ― to forge
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of -ier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | -ier | avoir -ié | |||||
| gerund | en -ant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | -ant | ||||||
| past participle | -ié | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | — | -es | -e | -ons | -iez | -ent |
| imperfect | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| preterite | -ai | -as | -a | -ames | -astes | -ierent | |
| future | -erai | -eras | -era | -erons | -eroiz, -ereiz, -erez | -eront | |
| conditional | -eroie, -ereie | -eroies, -ereies | -eroit, -ereit | -eriiens, -eriens | -eriiez, -eriez | -eroient, -ereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | — | -s | -t | -ons | -iez | -ent |
| imperfect | -asse | -asses | -ast | -issons, -issiens | -issoiz, -issez, -issiez | -assent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | -e | — | -ons | -iez | — | ||
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Latin -ārium (accusative of -ārius).
Alternative forms
[edit]- -er (present in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France)
Suffix
[edit]-ier
- indicates a profession
- bouchier ― butcher
- indicates location, where one lives
- forestier ― forester
Derived terms
[edit]- -erie f
Descendants
[edit]- Middle French: -er
- → Middle English: -er, -eer, -ere, -ier, -ir, -yr
- → Italian: -iere
- → Romanian: -ier
- → Old Irish: -aire
- → Sicilian: -eri
See also
[edit]Slovak
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ier
Swedish
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ier
- -an; making a noun, describing a person by nationality
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- English terms suffixed with -y
- English terms suffixed with -er
- English lemmas
- English suffixes
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms borrowed from Middle French
- English terms derived from Middle French
- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms derived from French
- English doublets
- Dutch terms derived from French
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch suffixes
- Dutch noun-forming suffixes
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch masculine suffixes
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Proto-Italic
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French doublets
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French suffixes
- French noun-forming suffixes
- French countable suffixes
- French masculine suffixes
- French adjective-forming suffixes
- German terms derived from Proto-Italic
- German terms derived from French
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms derived from Latin
- German terms derived from Middle French
- German terms borrowed from French
- German terms derived from Old French
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- German masculine suffixes
- Latin variant lemmas
- Middle English variant lemmas
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French suffixes
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French suffixes
- Old French terms with usage examples
- Old French verbs with weak-a2 preterite
- Old French first group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -ier
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovak 1-syllable words
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak non-lemma forms
- Slovak suffix forms
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish suffixes