Iran

See also: Appendix:Variations of "iran"

English

Alternative forms

• Irân, Irān, Îrân, Īrān (all rare)

Etymology

From Persian ایران‎ (irân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭‎ (ʾērān, “of the Aryans”). See 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭‎ (ʾērān) for word formation, further etymology and cognates.

The name of the political entity is a 3rd-century development that derives from the indigenous ethnolinguistic name of the Iranian peoples, i.e. the great variety of Iranian tribes that spoke an Iranian language.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ɪˈɹɑːn/, /ɪˈɹæn/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ɪˈɹɑːn/, /ɪˈɹæn/, /aɪˈɹæn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːn, -æn

Proper noun

Iran

2. A country in West Asia. Official name: Islamic Republic of Iran.
   • ca. 1675, Jean Chardin (Sir John Chardin), Travels in Persia, 1673-1677, fasc. reprint 1988, Dover, page 126:

     "The Persians, in naming their country, make use of one word, which they indifferently pronounce Iroun, and Iran."

   • 2005, Massoume Price, editor, Iran's Diverse Peoples, ABC-Clio, page xiii:

     "Iran is a vast and ancient country in a strategic location in the Middle East. It borders Russia, Iraq, Turkey, Pakistan, the Gulf of Oman, and the Persian Gulf."

3. (literary, technical) regions inhabited by the Iranian peoples.
   • 1882, James Darmesteter, The Zend-Avesta, volume 1 (SBE, volume 31), Oxford UP, page 7, xxviii:

     "Kavi means a king, but it is particularly used of the kings belonging to the second and most celebrated of the two mythical dynasties of Iran."

     "One certain fact is the occurrence of geographical names [Bactria, Sogdiana, etc] in Vendidad I, which are obviously intended to describe the earliest homes of the Iranian races whose lore was the Avesta."

   • 1898, A. V. W. Jackson, Zoroaster: The Prophet of Ancient Iran, Macmillan, page 10:

     "Zoroaster of Iran. — Zoroaster, it is believed, sprang up in the seventh century before the Christian era, somewhere in the land between the Indus and the Tigris."

   • 1909, “Iran”, in John Huston Finley, editor, Nelson's Perpetual Loose-leaf Encyclopaedia, volume 6, page 479:

     "Iran. in early times, the name applied to the great Asiatic plateau which comprised the entire region from the Caucasus, the Caspian Sea, and Russian Turkestan on the north to the Tigris, the Persian Gulf, and the Arabian Sea on the west and south, and extending to the Indus on the east, likewise comprising the modern Afghanistan and the territory to the north of it as far as the Jaxartes River."

   • 1985, J. M. Cooke, “The Rise of the Achaemenids”, in Cambridge Historiy of Iran, volume 2, page 290:

     "[W]e may surmise that there was a strong sense of Iranian unity lending solidarity to the eastern half of the empire. It is only in the generations after Alexander, in Eudemus and in Eratosthenes (ap. Strabo), that we find mention of the concept of a greater nation of Iran (Arianē) stretching from the Zagros to the Indus; but the sense of unity must have been there, for Herodotus tells us that the Medes were formerly called Arioi, and Darius I (followed by Xerxes) in his inscriptions proclaims himself an Iranian (Ariya) by race - he speaks of himself in ascending order as an Achaemenid, a Persian and an Iranian (Naqsh-i Rustam)."

   • 1990, Hubert Darke, “Cambridge History of Iran”, in Encyclopedia Iranica, volume 4, page 724:

     "[The] Cambridge History of Iran [is] a survey of the history and historical geography of the land which is present-day Iran, as well as other territories inhabited by peoples of Iranian descent."

Derived terms

Derived terms

• Greater Iran
• Iranianize
• Iranify
• Iranization
• Iranologist
• Iranology
• Iranophile
• Iranophobe
• Iranophone

Related terms

• Iranian

Translations

country in Western Asia

• Abkhaz: Џьамтәыла (Džamtʷʼəla)
• Adyghe: Иран (Jiran)
• Afrikaans: Iran
• Albanian: Iran m
• Amharic: የኢራን (yäʾiran)
• Arabic: إِيرَان‎ (ar) f (ʔīrān)
• Aramaic:

  Syriac: ܐܝܪܐܢ‎, ܐܝܖܐܢ‎ (archaic)

  Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܝܼܪܵܢ‎ (iran)

• Armenian: Իրան (hy) (Iran)
• Assamese: ইৰান (iran)
• Asturian: Irán (ast)
• Avar: Ира́н (İrán)
• Azerbaijani: İran (az)
• Bashkir: Иран (İran)
• Belarusian: Іра́н m (Irán)
• Bengali: ইরান (bn) (iran)
• Brahui: Írán
• Breton: Iran (br)
• Bulgarian: Ира́н (bg) m (Irán)
• Burmese: အီရန် (iran)
• Catalan: Iran (ca) m
• Chechen: Иран (İran)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 伊朗 (ji¹ long⁵)

  Mandarin: 伊朗 (zh) (Yīlǎng)

  Min Nan: 伊朗 (I-lang)

  Wu: 伊朗 (hhi laan)

• Czech: Írán (cs) m
• Danish: Iran (da) n
• Dutch: Iran (nl) n
• Dzongkha: ཨི་རཱན་ (i rān)
• Esperanto: Irano (eo)
• Estonian: Iraan (et)
• Faroese: Iran n
• Finnish: Iran (fi)
• French: Iran (fr) m
• Galician: Irán (gl) m
• Georgian: ირანი (ka) (irani)
• German: Iran (de) m
• Greek: Ιράν (el) n (Irán)
• Gujarati: ઈરાન (īrān)
• Hausa: Iran
• Hawaiian: ʻIlana
• Hebrew: אִירָאן‎ f (irán)
• Hindi: ईरान (hi) m (īrān), फारस (hi) m (phāras), पारस (hi) m (pāras)
• Hungarian: Irán (hu)
• Icelandic: Íran (is)
• Indonesian: Iran (id)
• Interlingua: Iran
• Irish: an Iaráin f
• Italian: Iran (it) m
• Japanese: イラン (ja) (Iran)
• Kabardian: Къажэрей (Qažɛrej)
• Kalenjin: Iran
• Kamba: Iran
• Kannada: ಇರಾನ್ (kn) (irān)
• Kashmiri: ایٖران‎ (īrān)
• Kazakh: Иран (İran)
• Khmer: អ៊ីរ៉ង់ (km) (ʼiirɑng)
• Kikuyu: Iran
• Korean: 이란 (ko) (Iran)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: ئێران‎ (ckb) (êran)

  Northern Kurdish: Îran (ku)

• Kyrgyz: Иран (ky) (İran)
• Lao: ອີລ່ານ (ʼī lān)
• Latgalian: Irans m
• Latin: Irania f
• Latvian: Irāna f
• Lithuanian: Iranas (lt) m
• Luhya: Iran
• Macedonian: Иран (mk) m (Iran)
• Malay: Iran
• Malayalam: ഇറാൻ (ml) (iṟāṉ)
• Maltese: l-Iran (mt) m
• Maori: Īrāna
• Marathi: इराण (irāṇ)
• Mazanderani: ایران‎ (iran)
• Meru: Iran
• Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭‎ (ērān), 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩‎ (ʾyʿʾnštʿy)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: Иран (mn) (Iran)

  Mongolian: ᠢᠷᠠᠨ (iran)

• Navajo: Iiwą́ą́
• Nepali: इरान (irān)
• Norman: Iraun m, Iran m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: Iran (no)

  Nynorsk: Iran (nn)

• Oriya: ଇରାନ (iranô)
• Ossetian: Иран (Iran)
• Parthian: 𐭀𐭓𐭉𐭀𐭍‎ (aryān)
• Pashto: ايران‎ m (irān)
• Persian: ایران‎ (fa) (irân), ایرون‎ (irun) (colloquial, Tehran)
• Polish: Iran (pl)
• Portuguese: Irã (pt) m (Brazil) , Irão (pt) m (Portugal)
• Punjabi: ਇਰਾਨ (irān)
• Romanian: Iran (ro) n
• Russian: Ира́н (ru) m (Irán)
• Sanskrit: ईरान (īrāna)
• Santali: ᱤᱨᱟᱱ (iran)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Ѝра̄н m

  Roman: Ìrān (sh) m

• Sindhi: ايران‎
• Sinhalese: ඉරානය (irānaya)
• Slovak: Irán (sk) m
• Slovene: Iran (sl) m
• Spanish: Irán (es) m
• Swahili: Uajemi
• Swedish: Iran (sv) n
• Tagalog: Iran
• Tajik: Эрон (tg) (Eron), Ирон (Iron)
• Tamil: ஈரான் (īrāṉ)
• Tatar: Иран (İran)
• Telugu: ఇరాన్ (te) (irān)
• Thai: อิหร่าน (th) (ì-ràan)
• Tibetan: ཡི་ལང (yi lang)
• Tigrinya: ኢራን (ʾiran)
• Turkish: İran (tr)
• Turkmen: Eýran
• Ukrainian: Іра́н (uk) m (Irán)
• Urdu: اِیران‎ m (īrān)
• Uyghur: ئىران‎ (iran)
• Uzbek: Eron (uz)
• Vietnamese: Y Lãng, I-ran
• Volapük: Lirän (vo)
• Western Panjabi: ایران‎ (pnb)
• Yiddish: איראַן‎ (iran)
• Yoruba: Irani

Persia — see Persia

See also

• Persia (archaic exonym)
• (countries of Asia) country of Asia; Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, East Timor, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen

Anagrams

• ARIN, Arin, NIRA, Nair, RNAi, Rani, Rian, Rina, arni, rain, rani

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Proper noun

Iran

1. Iran

Albanian

Proper noun

Iran m (definite Irani)

1. Iran (a country in Western Asia; capital: Tehran)

Inflection

Declension of Iran

	indefinite	definite
nominative	Iran	Irani
accusative		Iranin
dat./abl.	Irani	Iranit

Derived terms

• iranian, iraniane

Breton

Proper noun

Iran ?

1. Iran

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /iˈɾan/

• Audio (Valencian)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -an

Proper noun

Iran m

1. Iran

Usage notes

• Catalan uses the definite article l’ in front of Iran, but not in enumerations (such as "Canada, China and Iran are big countries.")

Derived terms

• iranià

Central Nahuatl

Proper noun

Iran

1. Iran (a country in Asia)

Danish

Proper noun

Iran

1. Iran

Derived terms

• iransk

Dutch

Etymology

Ultimately from Persian ایران‎ (irân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭‎ (ʾyʿʾn). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iˈrɑn/, (somewhat dated) /iˈraːn/, (dated) /ˈiː.rɑn/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: Iran

Proper noun

Iran n

1. Iran

Related terms

• Iraans, Iraanse
• Iraniër

See also

• Perzisch (archaic exonym)

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈiːɹan/
• Homophone: iðran

Proper noun

Iran

1. Iran

Declension

	Singular
	Indefinite
Nominative	Iran
Accusative	Iran
Dative	Irani
Genitive	Irans

Related terms

• iranskur

Anagrams

• Arni
• Rani

Finnish

Etymology

From Persian ایران‎.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈirɑn/, [ˈirɑ̝n]
• Rhymes: -irɑn
• Syllabification^(key): I‧ran

Proper noun

Iran

1. Iran

Declension

Inflection of Iran (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)
nominative		Iran	—
genitive		Iranin	—
partitive		Irania	—
illative		Iraniin	—
		singular	plural
nominative		Iran	—
accusative	nom.	Iran	—
	gen.	Iranin
genitive		Iranin	—
partitive		Irania	—
inessive		Iranissa	—
elative		Iranista	—
illative		Iraniin	—
adessive		Iranilla	—
ablative		Iranilta	—
allative		Iranille	—
essive		Iranina	—
translative		Iraniksi	—
instructive		—	—
abessive		Iranitta	—
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of Iran (type paperi)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative Iranini — accusative nom. Iranini — gen. Iranini genitive Iranini — partitive Iraniani — inessive Iranissani — elative Iranistani — illative Iraniini — adessive Iranillani — ablative Iraniltani — allative Iranilleni — essive Iraninani — translative Iranikseni — instructive — — abessive Iranittani — comitative — — second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative Iranisi — accusative nom. Iranisi — gen. Iranisi genitive Iranisi — partitive Iraniasi — inessive Iranissasi — elative Iranistasi — illative Iraniisi — adessive Iranillasi — ablative Iraniltasi — allative Iranillesi — essive Iraninasi — translative Iraniksesi — instructive — — abessive Iranittasi — comitative — — first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative Iranimme — accusative nom. Iranimme — gen. Iranimme genitive Iranimme — partitive Iraniamme — inessive Iranissamme — elative Iranistamme — illative Iraniimme — adessive Iranillamme — ablative Iraniltamme — allative Iranillemme — essive Iraninamme — translative Iraniksemme — instructive — — abessive Iranittamme — comitative — — second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative Iraninne — accusative nom. Iraninne — gen. Iraninne genitive Iraninne — partitive Iranianne — inessive Iranissanne — elative Iranistanne — illative Iraniinne — adessive Iranillanne — ablative Iraniltanne — allative Iranillenne — essive Iraninanne — translative Iraniksenne — instructive — — abessive Iranittanne — comitative — — third-person possessor singular plural nominative Iraninsa — accusative nom. Iraninsa — gen. Iraninsa genitive Iraninsa — partitive Iraniaan Iraniansa — inessive Iranissaan Iranissansa — elative Iranistaan Iranistansa — illative Iraniinsa — adessive Iranillaan Iranillansa — ablative Iraniltaan Iraniltansa — allative Iranilleen Iranillensa — essive Iraninaan Iraninansa — translative Iranikseen Iraniksensa — instructive — — abessive Iranittaan Iranittansa — comitative — —

Anagrams

• Arin, arin

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i.ʁɑ̃/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑ̃

Proper noun

Iran m

1. Iran (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Derived terms

• République islamique d'Iran

Related terms

• iranien, iranienne

See also

• persane (archaic exonym)
• Perse (archaic exonym)

See also

• (countries of Asia) pays d’Asie; Afghanistan, Arabie saoudite, Arménie, Azerbaïdjan, Bahreïn, Bangladesh, Bhoutan, Birmanie, Brunei, Cambodge, Chine, Chypre, Corée du Nord, Corée du Sud, Émirats arabes unis, Géorgie, Inde, Indonésie, Iran, Irak, Israël, Japon, Jordanie, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Koweït, Laos, Liban, Malaisie, Maldives, Mongolie, Népal, Oman, Ouzbékistan, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Russie, Singapour, Sri Lanka, Syrie, Tadjikistan, Thaïlande, Timor oriental, Turquie, Turkménistan, Vietnam, Yémen ^{(Category: fr:Countries in Asia)}

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iˈʁaːn/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːn

Proper noun

Iran n (proper noun, genitive Irans or (optionally with an article) Iran)

1. Iran (a country in Western Asia)

Proper noun

Iran m (proper noun, strong, genitive Irans or Iran)

1. Iran (a country in Western Asia)

Usage notes

• The word is sometimes used without a definite article as in English: Iran, in Iran. In this case, the genitive is always Irans, for example Irans Hauptstadt – "Iran's capital".
• More commonly, however, the definite article is used with the name: der Iran, im Iran. In this case, the genitive usually is des Iran, although des Irans is also correct: die Hauptstadt des Iran(s) – "the capital of Iran".

Derived terms

• Iraner
• iranisch

Related terms

• Iranier

See also

• Perser (archaic exonym)
• Persien (archaic exonym)
• persisch (archaic exonym)
• Persisch (archaic exonym)

Further reading

• “Iran” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Indonesian

Etymology

From Persian ایران‎ (irân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭‎ (ʾērān, “of the Aryans”). See 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭‎ (ʾērān) for word formation, further etymology and cognates. Doublet of aria, arya, Arya, and ayah.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈiran]
• Hyphenation: I‧ran

Proper noun

Iran

1. Iran

See also

• (countries of Asia) negara-negara di Asia; Afganistan, Arab Saudi, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Filipina, India, Indonesia, Irak, Iran, Israel, Jepang, Kamboja, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Korea Selatan, Korea Utara, Kuwait, Laos, Libanon, Maladewa, Malaysia, Mesir, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Palestina, Qatar, Rusia, Singapura, Siprus, Sri Lanka, Suriah, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor Leste, Tiongkok, Turki, Turkmenistan, Uni Emirat Arab, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yaman, Yordania

Further reading

• “Iran” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Proper noun

Iran

1. Iran

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.ran/, (traditional) /iˈran/
• Rhymes: -iran, (traditional) -an
• Hyphenation: Ì‧ran, (traditional) I‧ràn

Proper noun

Iran m

1. Iran

Related terms

• iraniano
• iranico
• iranista

See also

• Persia (archaic exonym)

Anagrams

• Rina, nari

Japanese

Romanization

Iran

1. Rōmaji transcription of イラン

Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪˈraːn/

Proper noun

L-Iran m

2. Iran (a country in West Asia; official name: Islamic Republic of Iran)

   Synonym: Repubblika Iżlamika tal-Iran

Norwegian Bokmål

Proper noun

Iran

1. Iran

Related terms

• iraner
• iransk

Norwegian Nynorsk

Proper noun

Iran

1. Iran

Related terms

• iranar
• iransk

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.ran/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iran
• Syllabification: I‧ran

Proper noun

Iran m

1. Iran (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Declension

Declension of Iran

	singular
nominative	Iran
genitive	Iranu
dative	Iranowi
accusative	Iran
instrumental	Iranem
locative	Iranie
vocative	Iranie

Derived terms

adjective

• irański

 

nouns

• Iranka
• Irańczyk

 

Further reading

• Iran in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• Iran in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Proper noun

Iran n

1. Iran

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǐraːn/
• Hyphenation: I‧ran

Proper noun

Ìrān m (Cyrillic spelling Ѝра̄н)

1. Iran

Declension

Declension of Iran

	singular
nominative	Ìrān
genitive	Irána
dative	Iranu
accusative	Iran
vocative	Irane
locative	Iranu
instrumental	Iranom

Swedish

Proper noun

Iran n (genitive Irans)

1. Iran

Derived terms

• iranier
• iransk

Anagrams

• inar, rian

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish Irán (“Iran”).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: I‧ran
• IPA^(key): /ʔiˈɾan/, [ʔɪˈɾan]

Proper noun

Irán

1. Iran (a country in Western Asia)

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪˈran/
• Rhymes: -an

Proper noun

Iran f

1. Iran (a country in Asia)

Derived terms

• Gweriniaeth Islamaidd Iran (“Islamic Republic of Iran”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
Iran	unchanged	unchanged	Hiran
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.