viha
Appearance
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *viha.
Noun
[edit]viha (genitive viha, partitive viha)
Inflection
[edit]| Declension of viha (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | viha | vihad | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | viha | ||
| genitive | vihade | ||
| partitive | viha | vihasid | |
| illative | vihha vihasse |
vihadesse | |
| inessive | vihas | vihades | |
| elative | vihast | vihadest | |
| allative | vihale | vihadele | |
| adessive | vihal | vihadel | |
| ablative | vihalt | vihadelt | |
| translative | vihaks | vihadeks | |
| terminative | vihani | vihadeni | |
| essive | vihana | vihadena | |
| abessive | vihata | vihadeta | |
| comitative | vihaga | vihadega | |
Derived terms
[edit]Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *viha (compare Estonian viha), from Proto-Finno-Permic *wiša (compare Northern Sami vašši, Udmurt вож (vož, “hate”), Komi-Zyrian веж (vež, “envy”)), borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wišás.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]viha
- anger, fury, rage, wrath, ire [with (partitive +) kohtaan ‘towards’]
- hate, hatred, hostility, ire [with (partitive +) kohtaan ‘towards’]
- (obsolete) war (period of military hostilities or occupation) (present in a small number of non-obsolete historical terms, e.g. isoviha, vanha viha, pikkuviha)
Declension
[edit]| Inflection of viha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | viha | vihat | |
| genitive | vihan | vihojen | |
| partitive | vihaa | vihoja | |
| illative | vihaan | vihoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | viha | vihat | |
| accusative | nom. | viha | vihat |
| gen. | vihan | ||
| genitive | vihan | vihojen vihain rare | |
| partitive | vihaa | vihoja | |
| inessive | vihassa | vihoissa | |
| elative | vihasta | vihoista | |
| illative | vihaan | vihoihin | |
| adessive | vihalla | vihoilla | |
| ablative | vihalta | vihoilta | |
| allative | vihalle | vihoille | |
| essive | vihana | vihoina | |
| translative | vihaksi | vihoiksi | |
| abessive | vihatta | vihoitta | |
| instructive | — | vihoin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Derived terms
[edit]adjectives
compounds
References
[edit]- Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004), Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- “viha”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 4 July 2023
Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *viha. Cognates include Finnish viha and Estonian viha.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʋihɑ/, [ˈʋihɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈʋihɑ/, [ˈʋihɑ]
- Rhymes: -ihɑ
- Hyphenation: vi‧ha
Noun
[edit]viha
Declension
[edit]| Declension of viha (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | viha | vihat |
| genitive | vihan | vihhoin |
| partitive | vihhaa | vihoja |
| illative | vihhaa | vihhoi |
| inessive | vihas | vihois |
| elative | vihast | vihoist |
| allative | vihalle | vihoille |
| adessive | vihal | vihoil |
| ablative | vihalt | vihoilt |
| translative | vihaks | vihoiks |
| essive | vihanna, vihhaan | vihoinna, vihhoin |
| exessive1) | vihant | vihoint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 664
Karelian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *viha.
Noun
[edit]viha
Ludian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *viha.
Noun
[edit]viha
Veps
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *viha.
Noun
[edit]viha
Inflection
[edit]| Inflection of viha (inflection type 5/sana) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative sing. | viha | ||
| genitive sing. | vihan | ||
| partitive sing. | vihad | ||
| partitive plur. | vihoid | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | viha | vihad | |
| accusative | vihan | vihad | |
| genitive | vihan | vihoiden | |
| partitive | vihad | vihoid | |
| essive-instructive | vihan | vihoin | |
| translative | vihaks | vihoikš | |
| inessive | vihas | vihoiš | |
| elative | vihaspäi | vihoišpäi | |
| illative | vihaze | vihoiže | |
| adessive | vihal | vihoil | |
| ablative | vihalpäi | vihoilpäi | |
| allative | vihale | vihoile | |
| abessive | vihata | vihoita | |
| comitative | vihanke | vihoidenke | |
| prolative | vihadme | vihoidme | |
| approximative I | vihanno | vihoidenno | |
| approximative II | vihannoks | vihoidennoks | |
| egressive | vihannopäi | vihoidennopäi | |
| terminative I | vihazesai | vihoižesai | |
| terminative II | vihalesai | vihoilesai | |
| terminative III | vihassai | — | |
| additive I | vihazepäi | vihoižepäi | |
| additive II | vihalepäi | vihoilepäi | |
References
[edit]- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “ненависть”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary][2], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Võro
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *viha.
Noun
[edit]viha (genitive viha, partitive vihha)
Inflection
[edit]This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Votic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *viha.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]viha
Adjective
[edit]viha
Inflection
[edit]| Declension of viha (type III/jalkõ, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | viha | vihad |
| genitive | viha | vihojõ, vihoi |
| partitive | vihha | vihoitõ, vihoi |
| illative | vihhasõ, vihha | vihoisõ |
| inessive | vihaz | vihoiz |
| elative | vihassõ | vihoissõ |
| allative | vihalõ | vihoilõ |
| adessive | vihallõ | vihoillõ |
| ablative | vihaltõ | vihoiltõ |
| translative | vihassi | vihoissi |
| *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. | ||
References
[edit]- Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “viha”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Categories:
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian nouns
- Estonian elu-type nominals
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ihɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ihɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish terms with obsolete senses
- Finnish kala-type nominals
- fi:Emotions
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ihɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ihɑ/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian nouns
- izh:Emotions
- Karelian lemmas
- Karelian nouns
- Ludian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ludian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ludian lemmas
- Ludian nouns
- Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Veps lemmas
- Veps nouns
- Veps sana-type nominals
- vep:Emotions
- Võro terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Võro terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Võro lemmas
- Võro nouns
- vro:Emotions
- Votic terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Votic/ihɑ
- Rhymes:Votic/ihɑ/2 syllables
- Votic lemmas
- Votic nouns
- Votic adjectives
- Votic jalkõ-type nominals
- vot:Emotions