Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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    Alternative forms

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    Suffix

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    *-kos

    1. Creates deadjectival and desubstantival adjectives denoting the characteristic of, typical of, pertaining to.

    Inflection

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    Thematic
    masculine feminine
    nominative *-kos *-keh₂
    genitive *-kosyo *-keh₂s
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *-kos *-koh₁ *-koes
    vocative *-ke *-koh₁ *-koes
    accusative *-kom *-koh₁ *-koms
    genitive *-kosyo *? *-koHom
    ablative *-kead *? *-komos
    dative *-koey *? *-komos
    locative *-key, *-koy *? *-koysu
    instrumental *-koh₁ *? *-kōys
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *-keh₂ *-keh₂h₁(e) *-keh₂es
    vocative *-keh₂ *-keh₂h₁(e) *-keh₂es
    accusative *-kām *-keh₂h₁(e) *-keh₂m̥s
    genitive *-keh₂s *? *-keh₂oHom
    ablative *-keh₂s *? *-keh₂mos
    dative *-keh₂ey *? *-keh₂mos
    locative *-keh₂, *-keh₂i *? *-keh₂su
    instrumental *-keh₂h₁ *? *-keh₂mis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *-kom *-koy(h₁) *-keh₂
    vocative *-kom *-koy(h₁) *-keh₂
    accusative *-kom *-koy(h₁) *-keh₂
    genitive *-kosyo *? *-koHom
    ablative *-kead *? *-komos
    dative *-koey *? *-komos
    locative *-key, *-koy *? *-koysu
    instrumental *-koh₁ *? *-kōys

    Descendants

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    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-kas
      • Lithuanian: -ingas (with an /n/ infix)
      • Latvian: -īgs
      • Proto-Slavic: *-kъ (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *-kos
    • Proto-Germanic: *-gaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *-kos
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-kas (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *-kos
      • Latin: -cus (see there for further descendants)
        • Latin: -icus (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Albanian: *-ikā

    Derived terms

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    Category Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-kos not found
    • *-ikos
    • *-keh₂
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-kāˀ
        • Proto-Slavic: *-ъka (see there for further descendants)

    Unsorted formations: