Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ingaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-, or possibly from *-īnaz +‎ *-gaz. Compare *-ungō (suffix forming gerunds).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-iŋ.ɡɑz/

Noun

*-ingaz m

1. forms derivatives of nouns with sense of "belonging to, coming from, descending from"

Inflection

Declension of *-ingaz (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*-ingaz	*-ingōz, *-ingōs
vocative	*-ing	*-ingōz, *-ingōs
accusative	*-ingą	*-inganz
genitive	*-ingas, *-ingis	*-ingǫ̂
dative	*-ingai	*-ingamaz
instrumental	*-ingō	*-ingamiz

Derived terms

• *-ilingaz

Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ingaz

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aþulingaz

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilingaz

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuningaz

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/panningaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *-ing
  • Old English: -ing
    • Middle English: -ing, -yng
      • English: -ing
      • Scots: -ing, -in, -een
  • Old Frisian: -ing
    • Saterland Frisian: -ing
    • West Frisian: -ing
  • Old Saxon: -ing
    • Middle Low German: -inc
      • German Low German: -ing
  • Old Dutch: -ing
    • Middle Dutch: -inc
      • Dutch: -ing (also -ink in names)
  • Old High German: -ing
    • Middle High German: -inc
      • German: -ing
• Old Norse: -ingr, -ungr
  • Icelandic: -ingur
  • Faroese: -ingur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing
  • Norwegian Bokmål: -ing
  • Old Swedish: -inger
    • Swedish: -ing, -ling
  • Danish: -ing
• → Vulgar Latin: *-ingus, *-engus
  • Spanish: -(l)engo, -ingo
  • French: -(l)ingien, -(l)ange, -(l)ans, -(l)ine, -(l)ingues
  • Italian: -ingo, -engo, -lengo
  • Galician: -(l)engo
  • Portuguese: -engo
  • Occitan: -enc
  • Catalan: -enc