-ling
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ling"
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /lɪŋ/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English -ling, from Old English -ling, from Proto-West Germanic *-ling, from Proto-Germanic *-lingaz, a nominal suffix, probably composed of Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (agent/instrumental/diminutive suffix) + Proto-Germanic *-ingaz (patronymic suffix).
Akin to Dutch -ling, German -ling, Icelandic -lingur, Gothic -𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (-liggs). More at -le, -ing.
Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ling
Usage notes
[edit]Words ending in -ing derived from a root or stem terminating in -l or -le, such as dazzling, have usually only an accidental resemblance, although sometimes there is a connection, as in sidling, which derives from Middle English in this form, and which is also a present participle form of the modern English verb to sidle, which in itself is a back-formation from sidling.
Derived terms
[edit](Diminutive):
(Quality):
Translations
[edit]Diminutive
|
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle English -ling, from Old English -ling, -linga, -lunga (adverbial suffix). Compare -long.
Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ling
- (non-productive) An adverbial suffix denoting manner, direction or position.
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- “-ling” in Webster’s Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary: Based on Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, 7th edition, Springfield, Mass.: G[eorge] & C[harles] Merriam, 1963 (1967 printing), →OCLC.
Anagrams
[edit]Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ling c
- a diminutive (denotes a younger person who is considered small, cute, immature, etc.)
- a diminutive (denotes a person who is considered inferior, despicable, etc.)
- a diminutive (denotes each of a given number of siblings born at the same birth)
Declension
[edit]| common gender |
singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | -ling | -lingen | -linger | -lingerne |
| genitive | -lings | -lingens | -lingers | -lingernes |
References
[edit]- “-ling” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From a rebracketing of nouns with an -ing suffix. See above (English).
Suffix
[edit]-ling m
- a suffix that describes a person (or other creature) in terms of a place of origin or a quality, as defined by the root to which it is added
Derived terms
[edit]German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German -linc, from Old High German -ling, from Proto-West Germanic *-ling.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ling m (genitive -linges or -lings, plural -linge)
- Indicates possession of or connection with a quality or property, such as Schwächling (“weakling”) from schwach (“weak”) or Frühling (“the season Spring [which comes early]”) from früh (“early”).
- A modifier of nouns, meaning a follower or resident of what is denoted by the stem form, such as Häftling from Haft.
- Suffix forming the names of many mushrooms.
Derived terms
[edit]Icelandic
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ling
Middle English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old English -ling (nominal suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-ling, from Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz; equivalent to -el + -ing.
Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ling
- suffix used in forming personal nouns
- suffix forming diminutives
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “-ling, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Old English -ling (adverbial suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-ling
- An adverbial suffix denoting direction, state or position.
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “-ling(e, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ling
- denoting diminutive
Old English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From alteration of suffixal use of Old English lang (“long”).
Suffix
[edit]-ling
- adverbial suffix denoting direction, state or position
- hinderling ― backwards
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *-ling, from Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz.
Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ling m
- suffix used in forming personal nouns
- suffix forming diminutives
- stærling ― starling
- dynasty, lineage
- Icling ("dynasty of Icel" or "House of Icel"); Ætheling (House of Ethel)
Declension
[edit]Strong a-stem:
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ling | -lingas |
| accusative | -ling | -lingas |
| genitive | -linges | -linga |
| dative | -linge | -lingum |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Categories:
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English lemmas
- English suffixes
- English noun-forming suffixes
- English diminutive suffixes
- English adverb-forming suffixes
- Danish lemmas
- Danish suffixes
- Danish common-gender suffixes
- Danish diminutive suffixes
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch suffixes
- Dutch noun-forming suffixes
- Dutch masculine suffixes
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- German noun-forming suffixes
- German masculine suffixes
- Icelandic non-lemma forms
- Icelandic suffix forms
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms suffixed with -el (agentive)
- Middle English terms suffixed with -ing (diminutive suffix)
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English suffixes
- Middle English diminutive suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from German
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål suffixes
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English suffixes
- Old English terms with usage examples
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English masculine suffixes
- Old English masculine a-stem nouns
- Old English diminutive suffixes