-ino

See also: ino, inó, and ʻino

English

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ino

1. (physics) The fermionic supersymmetric partner of a boson (a bosino), symbolized by a tilde over the nonsupersymmetric particle symbol. Contrast with s-

   The supersymmetric partner of the photon is a photino.

   In supersymmetry theory, all bosons have fermionic counterparts, known as bosinos.

Derived terms

• axino
• bosino
• chargino
• gluino
• gravitino
• neutralino
• photino
• wino
• xino
• yino
• zino

 

Related terms

• sfermion
• smatter
• sparticle
• supersymmetry

 

Anagrams

• -ion, Ion, NIO, NOI, ONI, ion, oni

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Esperanto

Etymology

From German -in.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈino]
• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ino
• Hyphenation: i‧no

Suffix

-ino

1. of feminine sex

   ‎bovo (“head of cattle, bull”) + ‎-ino → ‎bovino (“cow”)

   ‎ĉevalo (“horse, stallion”) + ‎-ino → ‎ĉevalino (“mare”)

   ‎filo (“son”) + ‎-ino → ‎filino (“daughter”)

   ‎fraŭlo (“bachelor”) + ‎-ino → ‎fraŭlino (“bachelorette, Miss”)

   ‎karulo (“dear”) + ‎-ino → ‎karulino (fem.)

   ‎knabo (“boy”) + ‎-ino → ‎knabino (“girl”)

   ‎koko (“chicken, rooster”) + ‎-ino → ‎kokino (“hen”)

   ‎koramiko (“boyfriend”) + ‎-ino → ‎koramikino (“girlfriend”)

   ‎leono (“lion”) + ‎-ino → ‎leonino (“lioness”)

   ‎lupo (“wolf”) + ‎-ino → ‎lupino (“she-wolf”)

   ‎onklo (“uncle”) + ‎-ino → ‎onklino (“aunt”)

   ‎patro (“father”) + ‎-ino → ‎patrino (“mother”)

   ‎sinjoro (“Mister”) + ‎-ino → ‎sinjorino (“Madam, Mistress”)

   ‎viro (“man”) + ‎-ino → ‎virino (“woman”)

   ‎vulpo (“fox”) + ‎-ino → ‎vulpino (“vixen”)

Usage notes

Unqualified words for professions and animals do not assume either sex in modern usage, but this was not always the case. When Esperanto was created, people or animals not specifically specified female were traditionally assumed to be male. So, instruisto used to be assumed to mean a male teacher, and a female teacher was an instruistino; the title doktoro used to be assumed to be a man with a doctorate, for a woman it was doktorino. With animals, a bovo was assumed to be a bull, a cow was a bovino. Nowadays, instruisto means a teacher of either gender, though bovo may be either a head of cattle or a bull.

In modern usage, one should only assume a particular sex for family relationships, such as patro (“father”)/patrino (“mother”), edzo (“husband”)/edzino (“wife”), frato (“brother”)/fratino (“sister”), and certain titles, such as sinjoro (“Mister”)/sinjorino (“Missus”), fraŭlino (“Miss”), damo (“Dame”).

A common idiom to designate male animals is to make compounds with viro (“man”), such as virbovo for bull (although unidiomatically, this could mean a minotaur). L.L. Zamenhof, the founder of Esperanto, began this usage in the 1920s with his translation of Genesis, and it is now widespread. To designate male professionals, it is common to use the adjective vira, such as vira kelnero for a male waiter.

Of the several neologisms coined to be a male counterpart to -in-, the most frequently used is -iĉ-, which has appeared in some books, but does not have official recognition. For example, boviĉo would be a bull like bovino is a cow, and in such usage bovo would only be a head of cattle.

Antonyms

• -iĉo (“male”) (neologism)

See also

Esperanto words suffixed with -ino

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Ido

Etymology

Back-formation from femino (“female”).

Suffix

-ino

1. suffix denoting femininity or a female

   ‎avo (“grandparent”) + ‎-ino → ‎avino (“grandmother”)

   ‎filio (“child, offspring”) + ‎-ino → ‎filiino (“daughter”)

   ‎frato (“sibling”) + ‎-ino → ‎fratino (“sister”)

   ‎kavalo (“horse”) + ‎-ino → ‎kavalino (“mare”)

   ‎kuzo (“cousin”) + ‎-ino → ‎kuzino (“(female) cousin”)

   ‎nepoto (“grandchild”) + ‎-ino → ‎nepotino (“granddaughter”)

   ‎nevo (“nephew or niece, nibling”) + ‎-ino → ‎nevino (“niece”)

   ‎onklo (“uncle or aunt”) + ‎-ino → ‎onklino (“aunt”)

   ‎rejo (“monarch”) + ‎-ino → ‎rejino (“queen”)

   ‎spozo (“spouse”) + ‎-ino → ‎spozino (“wife”)

   ‎yuno (“child”) + ‎-ino → ‎yunino (“girl”)

   Synonym: -femino

   Antonym: -ulo

Derived terms

Ido words suffixed with -ino

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Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. Compare English -ine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.no/
• Rhymes: -ino
• Hyphenation: -ì‧no

Suffix

-ino (plural -ini, feminine -ina, feminine plural -ine)

1. Alterative suffix used to form diminutives.

   ‎gatto (“cat”) + ‎-ino → ‎gattino (“kitten”)

2. Derivational suffix used to form adjectives or nouns, specifically:
   1. Used to indicate a profession.

      ‎ciabatta (“slipper”) + ‎-ino → ‎ciabattino (“shoe repairer”, “cobbler”)

   2. Used to indicate an ethnic or geographical origin.

      ‎Alessandria (“Alessandria”; “Alexandria”) + ‎-ino → ‎alessandrino

   3. Used to indicate tools or instruments.

      ‎lavanda (“wash”, noun) + ‎-ino → ‎lavandino (“washbasin”)

   4. Used to derive adjectives denoting composition, color or other qualities.

      ‎smeraldo (“emerald”) + ‎-ino → ‎smeraldino (“emerald (relational); emerald green”)

Synonyms

• -cino
• -ello, -cello
• -etto
• -uccio

Derived terms

• ino

Italian words suffixed with -ino

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i.no/ (stress falls on the antepenultimate)
• Hyphenation: -i‧no

Suffix

-ino

1. Used with a stem to form the third-person plural present subjunctive and imperative of regular -are verbs.

Anagrams

• -oni, noi

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Latin

Suffix

-īnō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -īnus

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Brazil) /ˈĩ.nu/, [ˈĩ.nu]

• IPA^(key): (Portugal) /ˈi.nu/, [ˈi.nu]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin -ine. Doublet of -inho.

Suffix

-ino m (feminine -ina, plural -inos, feminine plural -inas)

1. -ine (of or relating to)

   ‎diamante (“diamond”) + ‎-ino → ‎diamantino (“relating to diamonds”)

2. -ine; -like (sharing some properties with; similar to)

   ‎diamante (“diamond”) + ‎-ino → ‎diamantino (“diamond-like”)

3. -ine; -er; -ese (forms demonyms (adjectives and nouns))

   ‎Nova Iorque (“New York”) + ‎-ino → ‎nova-iorquino (“New Yorker”)

Derived terms

Portuguese words suffixed with -ino

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ino m

1. (chemistry) -yne (forms the name of unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one triple bond)

Etymology 3

Suffix

-ino m

1. (particle physics) -ino (forms the name of supersymmetric partners)

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Spanish

Etymology 1

From Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos.

Alternative forms

• -ina (after feminine nouns)

Suffix

-ino m (plural -inos)

1. A diminutive suffix for masculine nouns or adjectives.

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ino m (plural -inos)

1. -ine (on adjectives)
2. (organic chemistry) -yne

Derived terms

Spanish words suffixed with -ino

Further reading

• “-ino”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014