s-

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English

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Etymology 1

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Abbreviation of scalar (particle with spin 0).

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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s-

  1. (physics) Subatomic particles with a spin (quantum angular momentum) of 0, predicted by supersymmetry; the bosonic equivalent of known fermions.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Abbreviation of sec- (secondary).

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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s-

  1. (organic chemistry) secondary form
    Synonym: sec-
    Coordinate terms: (normal form) n-, (tertiary form) t-

Albanian

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Prefix

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s-

  1. intensifier

Cayuga

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Alternative forms

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Prefix

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s-

  1. second person agent pronominal prefix; you

References

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  • Marianne Mithun, Reginald Henry (1982) Wadęwayę́stanih - A Cayuga Teaching Grammar, 3rd edition, Woodland Cultural Centre, published 2015, page 54

Czech

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Etymology

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s used as a prefix.

Prefix

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s-

  1. a prefix, usually indicating either movement together or movement downwards
  2. direction from top down
    s- + ‎jít → ‎sejít
    Sešel dolů.He came down.
  3. direction toward the middle
    s- + ‎jít → ‎sejít
    Sejdeme se zítra.We will gather tomorrow.

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • s-”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • s(e)- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Egyptian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Afroasiatic *s- (causative prefix).

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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s
  1. Used to form a causative verb from a non-causative verb.

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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References

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  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 157.

Italian

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Etymology

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In most cases, this prefix stems from Latin ex- (see ex). In some cases, it stems from Latin dis-.[1]

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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s-

  1. used to form words that have an opposing sense: un-, in-
    s- + ‎fatto (done”, “made) → ‎sfatto ((of a bed) unmade)
  2. used to form verbs that have a sense of undoing an action: de-, dis-, un-
    s- + ‎gancio (hook) → ‎sganciare (to unhook)
    s- + ‎borsa (bag) → ‎sborsare (to disburse)
  3. used to express a pejorative sense
    s- + ‎bocca (mouth) → ‎sboccato (foul-mouthed)
  4. used to form verbs with a sense of exit, separation: dis-, ex-, trans-
    s- + ‎buco (hole) → ‎sbucare (to pop out)
    s- + ‎confine (boundary) → ‎sconfinare (to stray away from)
  5. used in a privative sense: a-, de-, un-
    s- + ‎buccia (skin”, “peel) → ‎sbucciare (to peel)
    s- + ‎fame (hunger) → ‎sfamare (to feed”, “to satiate)
  6. used to derive verbs from a noun, adjective or verb
    s- + ‎bianco (white) → ‎sbiancare (to whiten or bleach)
    s- + ‎gocciola (droplet) → ‎sgocciolare (to drip)
  7. used as an intensifier
    s- + ‎cacciare (to hunt”, “to drive away) → ‎scacciare (to expel”, “to drive away)
  8. reduced form of dis-
    discendere (to descend)scendere

Usage notes

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  • Often used to prefix words beginning with a consonant. Dis- rather than s- is often preferred before vowels.

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Migliorini, Bruno with Aldo Duro (1950) “s-”, in Prontuario etimologico della lingua italiana (in Italian), Paravia

Javanese

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Javanese sa-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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s-

  1. one

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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Lushootseed

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Prefix

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s-

  1. Added to a verb to form a noun.
    s- + ‎ʔəɬəd (eat) → ‎sʔəɬəd (food)

Maltese

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Pronunciation

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Article

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s-

  1. Alternative form of il-

Usage notes

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  • Used after a vowel and before the letter s. For details on usage, see the main lemma.

Mohawk

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Alternative forms

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  • se- (before n-, r-, w-, and ’-stems)

Prefix

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s-

  1. pronominal prefix for
    you _____

Alternative forms

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- Initial consonant
Environment t/s/h/k n/r/w/’ a e/en o/on i y
Word-Initial s- se- s- s- s- ts- ts-

Prefix

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s-

  1. singulative noun prefix
  2. iterative verb prefix

References

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  • Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
  • Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 146, 344

Neapolitan

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin ex-.

Prefix

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s-

  1. privative or negative affix that attaches to verbs

Derived terms

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Old Irish

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Prefix

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s- (class A infixed pronoun, triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others)

  1. her (object pronoun)
  2. them

Derived terms

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See also

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Old Polish

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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s-

  1. Alternative form of z-

Derived terms

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Oneida

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Prefix

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s-

  1. second person agent pronominal prefix; you

References

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  • Floyd Lounsbury (1953) Oneida Verb Morphology, Yale University Press, pages 59-60

Polish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /s/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -s
  • Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
  • Homophones: z, z-

Prefix

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s-

  1. used before voiceless consonants to form a verb in a perfective aspect from a verb in an imperfective aspect
    s- + ‎całkować → ‎scałkować
    s- + ‎chłodzić → ‎schłodzić
  2. used before voiceless consonants to mean "in a downward direction"
    s- + ‎chodzić → ‎schodzić
  3. used before voiceless consonants to mean "off, off the surface of", "away from", or "out of"
    Antonym: na-
    s- + ‎chodzić → ‎schodzić

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • s- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

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Alternative forms

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  • sa- (before affricates, fricatives and certain consonant clusters)

Prefix

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s- (Cyrillic spelling с-)

  1. Prepended to verbs, usually forming a perfective from an imperfective verb.
    s- + ‎pùstiti → ‎spùstiti
    s- + ‎znȁti → ‎sàznati
    s- + ‎lòmiti → ‎slòmiti
    s- + ‎glȅdati → ‎sàgledati
    s- + ‎kȕpiti → ‎skȕpiti
    s- + ‎klòniti → ‎sklòniti
    s- + ‎náći → ‎snȃći

Derived terms

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References

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  • s-”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024