s-

See also: S-, ś-, and Appendix:Variations of "s"

English

Etymology 1

Abbreviation of scalar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s/

Prefix

s-

1. (physics) subatomic particles predicted by supersymmetry; the boson equivalent of known fermions

Etymology 2

Abbreviation of sec-. (secondary)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛs/

Prefix

s-

1. (organic chemistry) secondary form

   Synonym: sec-

   Coordinate terms: n- (normal form), t- (tertiary form)

Derived terms

► English words prefixed with s-

---

Albanian

Etymology

From Latin sē- (“without”).

Prefix

s-

1. separately, astray
2. without

Derived terms

• s‑kä (Gheg)
• s‑kimi (Gheg)
• s‑kana (Gheg)

---

Czech

Etymology

s used as a prefix.

Prefix

s-

1. A prefix, usually indicating either movement together or movement downwards.

Antonyms

• roz-

Derived terms

► Czech words prefixed with s-

• se-
• shromáždit
• sklidit
• skrýt
• slézt
• sloučit
• spojit
• srocený

 

Related terms

• s

Further reading

• s- in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• s(e)- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

---

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛ/
  • Conventional anglicization: se-

Prefix

1. Used to form a causative verb from a non-causative verb.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of s-  

s

Derived terms

► Egyptian words prefixed with s-

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 157.

---

Italian

Etymology

In most cases, this prefix stems from Latin ex- (see ex). In some cases, it stems from Latin dis-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s/, [s̪] (before voiceless consonants)
• IPA^(key): /z/, [z̪] (before voiced consonants)

Prefix

s-

1. Used to form words that have an opposing sense: un-, in-.

   ‎s- + ‎fatto (“done”, “made”) → ‎sfatto (“(of a bed) unmade”)

2. Used to form verbs that have a sense of undoing an action: de-, dis-, un-.

   ‎s- + ‎gancio (“hook”) → ‎sganciare (“to unhook”)

   ‎s- + ‎borsa (“bag”) → ‎sborsare (“to disburse”)

3. Used to express a pejorative sense.

   ‎s- + ‎bocca (“mouth”) → ‎sboccato (“foul-mouthed”)

4. Used to form verbs with a sense of exit, separation: dis-, ex-, trans-.

   ‎s- + ‎buco (“hole”) → ‎sbucare (“to pop out”)

   ‎s- + ‎confine (“boundary”) → ‎sconfinare (“to stray away from”)

5. Used in a privative sense: a-, de-, un-.

   ‎s- + ‎buccia (“skin”, “peel”) → ‎sbucciare (“to peel”)

   ‎s- + ‎fame (“hunger”) → ‎sfamare (“to feed”, “to satiate”)

6. Used to derive verbs from a noun, adjective or verb.

   ‎s- + ‎bianco (“white”) → ‎sbiancare (“to whiten or bleach”).

   ‎s- + ‎gocciola (“droplet”) → ‎sgocciolare (“to drip”).

7. Used as an intensifier.

   ‎s- + ‎cacciare (“to hunt”, “to drive away”) → ‎scacciare (“to expel”, “to drive away”).

8. Reduced form of dis-.

   discendere (“to descend”) → ‎scendere.

Usage notes

Often used to prefix words beginning with a consonant. Dis- rather than s- is often preferred before vowels.

Derived terms

► Italian words prefixed with s-

See also

• dis-

---

Lushootseed

Prefix

s-

1. Added to a verb to form a noun.

   ‎s- + ‎ʔəɬəd (“eat”) → ‎sʔəɬəd (“food”)

---

Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s/

Article

s-

1. Alternative form of il-

Usage notes

• Used after a vowel and before the letter s. For details on usage, see the main lemma.

---

Old Irish

Prefix

s- (class A infixed pronoun, triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others)

1. her (object pronoun)
2. them

Derived terms

► Old Irish words prefixed with s-

See also

Old Irish affixed pronouns

See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.

Person	Infixed			Suffixed
	Class A	Class B	Class C
1 sing.	m-L	dom-L, dam-L		-um
2 sing.	t-L	dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L		-ut
3 sing. m.	a-N	d-N	id-N, did-N, d-N	-i, -it
3 sing. f.	s-(N)	da-		-us
3 sing. n.	a-L	d-L	id-L, did-L, d-L	-i, -it
1 pl.	n-	don-, dun-, dan-		-unn
2 pl.	b-	dob-, dub-, dab-		-uib
3 pl.	s-(N)	da-		-us
L means this form triggers lenition. N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis) (N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.

---

Polish

Alternative forms

• z-
• ś- (before "ci")

Prefix

s-

1. Used before voiceless consonants to form a verb in a perfective aspect from a verb in an imperfective aspect.

   ‎s- + ‎całkować → ‎scałkować

   ‎s- + ‎chłodzić → ‎schłodzić

   ‎s- + ‎chodzić → ‎schodzić

   ‎s- + ‎chować → ‎schować

   ‎s- + ‎chudnąć → ‎schudnąć

   ‎s- + ‎fałszować → ‎sfałszować

   ‎s- + ‎filmować → ‎sfilmować

   ‎s- + ‎formułować → ‎sformułować

   ‎s- + ‎kasować → ‎skasować

   ‎s- + ‎kleić → ‎skleić

   ‎s- + ‎konstruować → ‎skonstruować

Usage notes

• Some perfective verbs have a different meaning than their imperfective equivalents. For example: chodzić (“to walk”) / schodzić (“to get off”), pływać (“to swim”) / spływać (“to drain”).

Derived terms

► Polish words prefixed with s-

Further reading

• s- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

---

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• sa- (before affricates, fricatives and certain consonant clusters)

Prefix

s- (Cyrillic spelling с-)

1. Prepended to verbs, usually forming a perfective from an imperfective verb.

   ‎s- + ‎pùstiti → ‎spùstiti

   ‎s- + ‎znȁti → ‎sàznati

   ‎s- + ‎lòmiti → ‎slòmiti

   ‎s- + ‎glȅdati → ‎sàgledati

   ‎s- + ‎kȕpiti → ‎skȕpiti

   ‎s- + ‎klòniti → ‎sklòniti

   ‎s- + ‎náći → ‎snȃći

Derived terms

► Serbo-Croatian words prefixed with s-

References

• “s-” in Hrvatski jezični portal