lomiti

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lomiti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈɫomici/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈlomici/

Verb

lomiti impf

1. to break
   • 14th century, Alexandreida, zlomek budějovický:

     Zatiem povezú pardusy,
     lvy hi mnohé velé štrusy
     hi což jiné ptačie sběři
     hi přěľúté divie zvěři,
     ježto, kletcěmi lomieci,
     řula, své schrány nechtieci.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of lomiti (class IV)

infinitive	supine	verbal noun
lomiti	lomit	lomenie

	present			imperative
	singular	dual	plural	singular	dual	plural
1st person	loḿu	lomívě (-va)	lomím (-me/-my)	—	lomvě, lomivě (-va)	lomme, lomim (-me/-my)
2nd person	lomíš	lomíta	lomíte	lom, lomi	lomta, lomita	lomte, lomite
3rd person	lomí	lomíta	lomie	lom, lomi	lomta, lomita	lomte, lomite

	aorist (sigmatic)			imperfect
	singular	dual	plural	singular	dual	plural
1st person	lomich	lomichově (-va)	lomichom (-me/-my)	lomiech	lomiechově (-va)	lomiechom (-me/-my)
2nd person	lomi	lomista (-šta)	lomiste (-šte)	lomieše	lomiešta (-sta)	lomiešte (-ste)
3rd person	lomi	lomista (-šta)	lomichu	lomieše	lomiešta (-sta)	lomiechu

	l-participle			passive participle
	singular	dual	plural	singular	dual	plural
masculine	lomil	lomila	lomili	lomen	lomena	lomeni
feminine	lomila	lomile	lomily	lomena	lomeně	lomeny
neuter	lomilo	lomile	lomila	lomeno	lomeně	lomena

	nt-participle			s-participle
	singular	dual	plural	singular	dual	plural
masculine	lomě	lomiece		lomiv	lomivše
feminine	lomieci			lomivši
neuter	lomě, lomieci			lomiv, lomivši

compound forms
perfect	Use the l-participle of lomiti and the present tense of the auxiliary verb býti e.g. lomil jest
pluperfect	Use the l-participle of lomiti and one of the past tenses of the auxiliary verb býti e.g. lomil bě/bieše/by / byl jest lomil
future	Use the infinitive of lomiti and the future tense of býti or less often present tense of the auxiliary verb chtieti or jmieti e.g. bude/chce/jmá lomiti
future perfect	Use the l-participle of lomiti and the future tense of the auxiliary verb býti e.g. bude lomil
present conditional	Use the l-participle of lomiti and the perfective aorist tense of the auxiliary verb býti e.g. lomil by
past conditional	Use the l-participle of lomiti and the perfect tense of the auxiliary verb býti e.g. byl by lomil
passive	Use the passive participle of lomiti and the appropriate tense of the auxiliary verb býti e.g. lomenu býti, jest lomen, bude lomen
continuous	Use the nt-participle of lomiti and the appropriate tense of the auxiliary verb býti e.g. jest lomě, bude lomě

Note: This table shows the most common forms of lomiti around the 13th/14th century. See also Appendix:Old Czech verbs and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Derived terms

• lom
• lámati
• nalomiti
• ulomiti
• vylomiti
• zlomiti

Descendants

• Czech: lomit

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “lomiti”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *lomiti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lǒmiti/
• Hyphenation: lo‧mi‧ti

Verb

lòmiti impf (Cyrillic spelling ло̀мити)

1. (transitive, reflexive) to break, crack

Conjugation

Conjugation of lomiti

infinitive		lomiti
present verbal adverb		lòmēći
past verbal adverb		lòmīvši
verbal noun		lòmljēnje
		singular			plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
present		lòmīm	lòmīš	lòmī	lomímo	lomíte	lòmē
future	future I	lòmit ću1 lòmiću	lòmit ćeš1 lòmićeš	lòmit će1 lòmiće	lòmit ćemo1 lòmićemo	lòmit ćete1 lòmićete	lòmit ćē1 lòmićē
	future II	bȕdēm lòmio2	bȕdēš lòmio2	bȕdē lòmio2	bȕdēmo lòmili2	bȕdēte lòmili2	bȕdū lòmili2
past	perfect	lòmio sam2	lòmio si2	lòmio je2	lòmili smo2	lòmili ste2	lòmili su2
	pluperfect3	bȉo sam lòmio2	bȉo si lòmio2	bȉo je lòmio2	bíli smo lòmili2	bíli ste lòmili2	bíli su lòmili2
	aorist	lòmih	lòmljāše	lȍmī	lȍmīsmo	lòmiste	lòmiše
	imperfect	lòmljāh	lòmljāše	lòmljāše	lòmljāsmo	lòmljāste	lòmljāhu
conditional	conditional I	lòmio bih2	lòmio bi2	lòmio bi2	lòmili bismo2	lòmili biste2	lòmili bi2
	conditional II4	bȉo bih lòmio2	bȉo bi lòmio2	bȉo bi lòmio2	bíli bismo lòmili2	bíli biste lòmili2	bíli bi lòmili2
imperative		—	lòmi	—	lòmimo	lòmite	—
active past participle		lòmio m / lòmila f / lòmilo n			lòmili m / lòmile f / lòmila n
passive past participle		lȍmljen m / lȍmljena f / lȍmljeno n			lȍmljeni m / lȍmljene f / lȍmljena n

¹   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
²   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
³   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
⁴   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

• izlòmiti
• nalòmiti
• odlòmiti
• polòmiti
• prelòmiti
• prolòmiti
• razlòmiti
• salòmiti
• slòmiti
• zalòmiti

Further reading

• “lomiti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
• “lomiti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *lomiti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɔmìːti/, /lɔmíːti/

Verb

lomīti impf

1. (transitive) to break

Conjugation

-iti -im (AP b)
infinitive	lomīti
1st singular	lọ́mim
infinitive	lomīti			lómit
supine	lómit
verbal noun	lọ́mljenje
	participle			converb
present	lomȅč			—
past	lọ́mljen			—
l-participle	masculine		feminine		neuter
singular	lómił		lomȋla		lomílo
dual	lomíla		lomíli		lomíli
plural	lomíli		lomíle		lomíla
	present			imperative
1st singular	lọ́mim			—
2nd singular	lọ́miš			lómi
3rd singular	lọ́mi			—
1st dual	lọ́miva			lomȋva
2nd dual	lọ́mita			lomȋta
3rd dual	lọ́mita			—
1st plural	lọ́mimo			lomȋmo
2nd plural	lọ́mite			lomȋte
3rd plural	lọ́mijo			—

Derived terms

• lȍm
• nalomīti
• odlomīti
• polomīti
• prelomīti
• razlomīti
• vlomīti
• zalomīti
• zlomīti

Further reading

• “lomiti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “lomiti”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references