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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

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Etymology 1

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    Formally appears to be a thematicized variant of Proto-Indo-European *-lós.

    Kroonen (2017) instead derives this from the Proto-Indo-European *-trom family of instrumental nominal suffixes, specifically the lambdacized variants Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom and Proto-Indo-European *-tlom. The former suffix and the voiced Verner's alternant of the latter would undergo an assimilation to *-lla-. The geminate consonant would have later shortened to make *-la- which was suffixed onto stems with *-yeti, forming the Germanic agent suffix. [1] Compare Latin -ula.

    Suffix

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    *-ilaz

    1. -er: suffix forming agent nouns and instrument nouns such as tools
    Inflection
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    Declension of *-ilaz (masculine a-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative *-ilaz *-ilōz, *-ilōs
    vocative *-il *-ilōz, *-ilōs
    accusative *-ilą *-ilanz
    genitive *-ilas, *-ilis *-ilǫ̂
    dative *-ilai *-ilamaz
    instrumental *-ilō *-ilamiz
    Alternative forms
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    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    • Proto-West Germanic: *-il, *-ul
      • Old English: -el, -ol, -ul
      • Old Frisian:
        • West Frisian: -el
      • Old Saxon: -al, -il
        • Middle Low German: -el
          • Low German: -el
      • Old Dutch:
      • Old High German: -il
        • Middle High German: -el
    • Old Norse: -ill, -all, -ull m, -la f

    Etymology 2

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      From Proto-Indo-European *-elo-, thematized from Proto-Indo-European *-lós.

      Suffix

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      *-ilaz

      1. forms nouns of diminutive connotation
      Inflection
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      Declension of *-ilaz (masculine a-stem)
      singular plural
      nominative *-ilaz *-ilōz, *-ilōs
      vocative *-il *-ilōz, *-ilōs
      accusative *-ilą *-ilanz
      genitive *-ilas, *-ilis *-ilǫ̂
      dative *-ilai *-ilamaz
      instrumental *-ilō *-ilamiz
      Alternative forms
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      Derived terms
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      Descendants
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      Etymology 3

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        Related to the above etymologies. Compare Latin -ilis.

        This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

        Suffix

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        *-ilaz

        1. forms adjectives from verbs, meaning “-ing” or “tending to …” (alternative form of *-ulaz)
        Inflection
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        Declension of *-ilaz (a-stem)
        Strong declension
        singular plural
        masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
        nominative *-ilaz *-ilō *-ilą, -atō *-ilai *-ilôz *-ilō
        accusative *-ilanǭ *-ilǭ *-ilą, -atō *-ilanz *-ilōz *-ilō
        genitive *-ilas, -is *-ilaizōz *-ilas, -is *-ilaizǫ̂ *-ilaizǫ̂ *-ilaizǫ̂
        dative *-ilammai *-ilaizōi *-ilammai *-ilaimaz *-ilaimaz *-ilaimaz
        instrumental *-ilanō *-ilaizō *-ilanō *-ilaimiz *-ilaimiz *-ilaimiz
        Weak declension
        singular plural
        masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
        nominative *-ilô *-ilǭ *-ilô *-ilaniz *-ilōniz *-ilōnō
        accusative *-ilanų *-ilōnų *-ilô *-ilanunz *-ilōnunz *-ilōnō
        genitive *-iliniz *-ilōniz *-iliniz *-ilanǫ̂ *-ilōnǫ̂ *-ilanǫ̂
        dative *-ilini *-ilōni *-ilini *-ilammaz *-ilōmaz *-ilammaz
        instrumental *-ilinē *-ilōnē *-ilinē *-ilammiz *-ilōmiz *-ilammiz
        Alternative forms
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        Derived terms
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        Descendants
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        Note: Fossilized in several descendants.

        References

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        1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2017), “The development of the Proto-Indo-European instrumental suffix in Germanic”, in Indogermanische Forschungen[1], volume 122, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 105-110