-isch
Dutch
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from German -isch. The native Dutch cognates are -s, earlier -sch.[1] The pronunciation /is/ is due to an earlier pronunciation standard, by which all German vowels were to be tense. (The contemporary German standard pronunciation is /ɪʃ/.) More at -ish.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-isch (adjective-forming suffix, comparative -ischer, superlative meest -isch or -ischt)
- -ic, -ian; forms relational adjectives from nouns
- elektrolyt (“electrolyte”) + -isch → elektrolytisch (“electrolytic”)
- behaviorist (“behaviorist”, noun) + -isch → behavioristisch (“behaviorist”, adjective)
- utopie (“utopia”) + -isch → utopisch (“utopian”)
- -ian, -ese; forms demonym adjectives from proper nouns
- Egypte (“Egypt”) + -isch → Egyptisch (“Egyptian”)
- Belarus (“Belarus”) + -isch → Belarussisch (“Belarusian”)
- Californië (“California”) + -isch → Californisch (“Californian”)
Declension
[edit]| Declension of -isch | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uninflected | -isch | |||
| inflected | -ische | |||
| comparative | -ischer | |||
| positive | comparative | superlative | ||
| predicative/adverbial | -isch | -ischer | het -ischt het -ischte | |
| indefinite | m./f. sing. | -ische | -ischere | -ischte |
| n. sing. | -isch | -ischer | -ischte | |
| plural | -ische | -ischere | -ischte | |
| definite | -ische | -ischere | -ischte | |
| partitive | -isch | -ischers | — | |
Descendants
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-isch n (proper noun-forming suffix)
- -ian, -ese; forms names of languages from proper nouns
- Egypte (“Egypt”) + -isch → Egyptisch (“Egyptian”, language)
- Belarus (“Belarus”) + -isch → Belarussisch (“Belarusian”, language)
- Etrusk (“Etruscan person”) + -isch → Etruskisch (“Etruscan”, language)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle High German -isch.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-isch
- an adjectival suffix, often matching -ic and -ical
- of a nationality, or the language associated with a nationality; often matches -ish or -ian
Usage notes
[edit]- In adjectives borrowed from Latin, French or Greek, it typically replaces the original adjectival ending -icus, -ique or -ικός (-ikós). This replacement does not happen when the same term is borrowed as a noun, such as in Dynamik, in contrast to the associated adjective dynamisch.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Middle English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -as, -ce, -ech, -es, -esh, -eshe, -esse, -ez, -ich, -iche, -ichs, -iȝsh, -ijs, -is, -isc, -isce, -ische, -ise, -ish, -ishe, -ishs, -iske, -issce, -isse, -sæ, -ych, -yche, -ychs, -yȝsh, -ys, -ysc, -ysce, -yse, -ysh, -yshe, -yshs, -yske, -yssce, -yssch, -yssche, -ysse, -yssh, -ysshe
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old English -isċ, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, with some forms and senses influenced by Old French -ais, -eis and and Old Norse -isk.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-isch
- Affixed to proper nouns to form names of ethnic groups, languages, and nationalities.
- Affixed to nouns to form adjectives denoting similarity to the base noun.
- (uncommon) Affixed to place names to form demonyms.
- (uncommon, Late Middle English) Affixed to other adjectives to weaken the sense; rather, somewhat.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “-ish, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 16 June 2018.
Middle High German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old High German -isc.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-isch
- used to form adjectives
- used to form demonyms
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Categories:
- Dutch terms borrowed from German
- Dutch terms derived from German
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch suffixes
- Dutch adjective-forming suffixes
- Dutch comparable suffixes
- Dutch proper noun-forming suffixes
- Dutch neuter suffixes
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- German adjective-forming suffixes
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms borrowed from Old French
- Middle English terms derived from Old French
- Middle English terms derived from Old Norse
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English suffixes
- Middle English adjective-forming suffixes
- Middle English terms with uncommon senses
- Late Middle English
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle High German terms derived from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German
- Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German suffixes