pur

See also: PUR, pür, and pur-

English

Noun

pur (plural purs)

1. Dated form of purr (“low murmuring sound as of a cat”).
   • 1895, Jacob Mendes Da Costa, Medical diagnosis, page 294:

     The first — called by Laennec, from its resemblance to the pur of a cat, the purring tremor — is nearly always indicative of a valvular lesion. The second is caused by the to-and-fro motion of a roughened pericardium.

Verb

pur (third-person singular simple present purs, present participle purring, simple past and past participle purred)

1. Dated form of purr
   • a. 1828, John Gardiner Calkins Brainard, On Connecticut River

     And there the wild-cat purs amid her brood.

   • 1840, The Visitor: Or, Monthly Instructor, page 182:

     It appears to me, past all doubt, that its [the goatsucker's] notes are formed by organic impulse, by the parts of its windpipe formed for sound, just as cats pur.

See also

• life estate pur autre vie
• pur sang

 

Anagrams

• PRU, RUP, U-RP, urp, Pru

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

• pour, pür
• Puur

Etymology

From Middle High German būre, gibūre, from Old High German gibūro, from būr (“peasant”). Cognate with German Bauer, Dutch buur, English bower.

Noun

pur m

1. (Gressoney, Carcoforo) farmer

References

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan pur, from Latin pūrus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈpur]
• Rhymes: -uɾ

Adjective

pur (feminine pura, masculine plural purs, feminine plural pures)

1. pure
2. not contaminated
3. innocent
4. authentic, genuine

Antonyms

• impur

Derived terms

• purament
• puresa
• puritat

References

• “pur” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “pur” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cornish

Etymology

From Latin pūrus (“pure”)

Pronunciation

• (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): /pyːr/
• (Revived Late Cornish) IPA^(key): /piːr/

Adjective

pur

1. pure, absolute

Adverb

pur (triggers soft mutation)

1. very

Mutation

  Mutation of pur  

Cornish consonant mutation
unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
pur	bur	fur	unchanged	unchanged	unchanged

Cypriot Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بُور (būr).

Adjective

pur

1. fallow, uncultivated

References

• Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 168

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

• puar

Etymology

From Latin pāret, third person singular present active indicative of pareō.

Verb

pur

1. to appear

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French pur, from Old French pur, from Latin pūrus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pyʁ/
• Rhymes: -yʁ

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: purs, pure, pures, purent

Adjective

pur (feminine pure, masculine plural purs, feminine plural pures)

1. pure (unspoilt)
2. pure (undiluted)

Derived terms

• apurement
• apurer
• corps pur
• en pure perte
• épurateur
• épuration
• épure
• épuré
• épurer
• imaginaire pur
• impur
• impurement
• impureté
• pur et dur
• pur et simple
• pur jus
• pur sucre
• pure laine
• purement
• pureté
• purisme
• puriste

 

Further reading

• “pur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

German

Etymology

From Late Middle High German pūr (14th c.), from Latin pūrus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /puːr/, [pu(ː)ɐ̯]
• Rhymes: -uːɐ̯

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

pur (strong nominative masculine singular purer, comparative purer, superlative am pursten)

1. pure, mere, sheer (nothing other than)

   Synonyms: rein, blank, bloß, schier

   Die pure Verzweiflung hat ihn dazu getrieben.

   It was pure despair that drove him into it.

   Köstliche Häppchen und erstklassiger Wein sorgten für Genuss pur.

   Delicious snacks and first-class wine ensured pure, unadulterated pleasure.

2. pure (not mixed with another ingredient)

   Synonyms: rein, unverdünnt, unvermischt

   Er trinkt puren Wodka.

   He drinks pure vodka.

   Er trinkt Wodka pur.

   He drinks vodka straight.

3. (rare) pure (not polluted or sullied)

   Synonyms: rein, sauber, schadstofffrei, unverdorben

Usage notes

• As a more flexible equivalent for English pure use the adjective rein, especially in moral and other figurative senses.
• Due to the semantic constraints, the compared forms, especially the comparative purer, are infrequent.
• Pur may at times be postpositioned, especially when the noun has no article or determiner with it. This use has been generalised from the context of food and drink, where it is also found with some other adjectives (e.g. Kaffee schwarz for schwarzer Kaffee).

Declension

Positive forms of pur

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist pur	sie ist pur	es ist pur	sie sind pur
strong declension (without article)	nominative	purer	pure	pures	pure
	genitive	puren	purer	puren	purer
	dative	purem	purer	purem	puren
	accusative	puren	pure	pures	pure
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der pure	die pure	das pure	die puren
	genitive	des puren	der puren	des puren	der puren
	dative	dem puren	der puren	dem puren	den puren
	accusative	den puren	die pure	das pure	die puren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein purer	eine pure	ein pures	(keine) puren
	genitive	eines puren	einer puren	eines puren	(keiner) puren
	dative	einem puren	einer puren	einem puren	(keinen) puren
	accusative	einen puren	eine pure	ein pures	(keine) puren

Comparative forms of pur

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist purer	sie ist purer	es ist purer	sie sind purer
strong declension (without article)	nominative	purerer	purere	pureres	purere
	genitive	pureren	purerer	pureren	purerer
	dative	purerem	purerer	purerem	pureren
	accusative	pureren	purere	pureres	purere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der purere	die purere	das purere	die pureren
	genitive	des pureren	der pureren	des pureren	der pureren
	dative	dem pureren	der pureren	dem pureren	den pureren
	accusative	den pureren	die purere	das purere	die pureren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein purerer	eine purere	ein pureres	(keine) pureren
	genitive	eines pureren	einer pureren	eines pureren	(keiner) pureren
	dative	einem pureren	einer pureren	einem pureren	(keinen) pureren
	accusative	einen pureren	eine purere	ein pureres	(keine) pureren

Superlative forms of pur

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist am pursten	sie ist am pursten	es ist am pursten	sie sind am pursten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	purster	purste	purstes	purste
	genitive	pursten	purster	pursten	purster
	dative	purstem	purster	purstem	pursten
	accusative	pursten	purste	purstes	purste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der purste	die purste	das purste	die pursten
	genitive	des pursten	der pursten	des pursten	der pursten
	dative	dem pursten	der pursten	dem pursten	den pursten
	accusative	den pursten	die purste	das purste	die pursten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein purster	eine purste	ein purstes	(keine) pursten
	genitive	eines pursten	einer pursten	eines pursten	(keiner) pursten
	dative	einem pursten	einer pursten	einem pursten	(keinen) pursten
	accusative	einen pursten	eine purste	ein purstes	(keine) pursten

Further reading

• “pur” in Duden online
• “pur” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Interlingua

Adjective

pur (comparative plus pur, superlative le plus pur)

1. pure

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpur/
• Rhymes: -ur
• Hyphenation: pùr

Adverb

pur (apocopated)

1. Apocopic form of pure

Conjunction

pur (apocopated)

1. Apocopic form of pure

Norman

Etymology

From Old French pur, from Latin pūrus.

Adjective

pur m

1. (Jersey) pure

Derived terms

• êputher (“to purify”)
• puthement (“purely”)

 

Old French

Etymology 1

From Latin pūrus.

Adjective

pur m (oblique and nominative feminine singular pure)

1. pure

Declension

Declension of pur

Number	Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Singular	Subject	purs	pure	pur
	Oblique	pur			pure	pur
Plural	Subject	pur	pures		pur
	Oblique	purs			pures	pur

Descendants

• French: pur
  • → Romanian: pur
• Norman: pur
• → Middle English: pure, pur, puyr, pore, poure, peure, puȝr, puir, puire, puyre
  • Scots: puir, pure
  • English: pure
  • → Cornish: pur

Etymology 2

See por

Preposition

pur

1. Alternative form of por

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pur/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin pūrus, French pur.

Adjective

pur m or n (feminine singular pură, masculine plural puri, feminine and neuter plural pure)

1. pure, clean, clear
2. mere

Declension

Declension of pur

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	pur		pură	puri	pure
	definite	purul		pura	purii	purele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	pur		pure	puri	pure
	definite	purului		purei	purilor	purelor

See also

• clar, curat, fin, cast

Etymology 2

Variant of por. Probably from Latin porrum.

Noun

pur m (plural puri)

1. sand leek (Allium rotundum)
2. serpent's garlic (Allium victorialis)

Declension

Declension of pur

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) pur	purul	(niște) puri	purii
genitive/dative	(unui) pur	purului	(unor) puri	purilor
vocative	purule		purilor

Romansch

Etymology 1

From Latin pūrus.

Alternative forms

• pür (Puter, Vallader)

Adjective

pur m (feminine singular pura, masculine plural purs, feminine plural puras) (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran)

1. pure

Synonyms

• (Sutsilvan) spir

Etymology 2

Of Germanic origin, cognate with German Bauer, Dutch boer.

Noun

pur m (plural purs) (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Puter)

1. peasant, farmer
2. (chess) pawn

Alternative forms

• pour (Surmiran)
• paur (Vallader, peasant, farmer)

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pūrus.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ʉːr

Adjective

pur (not comparable)

1. (somewhat dated) pure

   pur glädje

   pure joy

Declension

Inflection of pur
Indefinite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative2
Common singular	pur	—	—
Neuter singular	purt	—	—
Plural	pura	—	—
Masculine plural3	pure	—	—
Definite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Masculine singular1	pure	—	—
All	pura	—	—
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic

See also

• pur förvåning
• pur-
• purpur

Further reading

• pur in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (14th ed., online)

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh pur, from Proto-Brythonic *pʉr, from Latin pūrus.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /pɨːr/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /piːr/
• Rhymes: -ɨːr

Adjective

pur (feminine singular pur, plural purion, equative pured, comparative purach, superlative puraf)

1. pure, unadulterated

   Synonym: têr

2. undefiled, chaste

Derived terms

• amhur (“impure”)
• purdeb (“purity”)
• purlan (“pure, holy”)
• puro (“to purify”)

 

Adverb

pur

1. somewhat, fairly

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
pur	bur	mhur	phur
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pur”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies