aer

See also: Appendix:Variations of "aer"

Languages (17)

Translingual

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Ambonese Malay • Breton • Estonian • Irish • Latin • Malay • Manado Malay • Manx • Middle Dutch • Old Irish • Polish • Romanian • Scots • Venetan • Welsh • Zealandic

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Abbreviation of English Eastern Arrernte.

Symbol

aer

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Eastern Arrernte.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Eastern Arrernte terms

Ambonese Malay

Etymology

From Malay air.

Noun

aer

1. water

References

• D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998), Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia‎^[1], Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa

Breton

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛʁ/

Noun

aer f (plural aerioù)

1. air

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *airo, from Proto-Germanic *airō. Cognate with Finnish and Votic airo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑe̯r/, [ˈɑe̯r]
• Rhymes: -ɑer
• Hyphenation: aer

Noun

aer (genitive aeru, partitive aeru)

1. oar

Declension

Declension of aer (ÕS type 22e/riik, length gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		aer	aerud
accusative	nom.
	gen.	aeru
genitive			aerude
partitive		aeru	aere aerusid
illative		aeru aerusse	aerudesse aeresse
inessive		aerus	aerudes aeres
elative		aerust	aerudest aerest
allative		aerule	aerudele aerele
adessive		aerul	aerudel aerel
ablative		aerult	aerudelt aerelt
translative		aeruks	aerudeks aereks
terminative		aeruni	aerudeni
essive		aeruna	aerudena
abessive		aeruta	aerudeta
comitative		aeruga	aerudega

References

• aer in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
• “aer”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

Irish

Alternative forms

• aidhéar

Etymology

From Old Irish aer, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr).

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /eːɾˠ/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /eːɾˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /eːɾˠ/, [ɛːɾˠ]

Noun

aer m (genitive singular aeir, nominative plural aeir)

1. air
2. sky

   Synonym: spéir

3. (weather) climate

   Synonyms: aeráid, clíoma

4. gaiety, pleasure
5. (music) air, tune

Declension

Declension of aer (first declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative aer aeir vocative a aeir a aera genitive aeir aer dative aer aeir forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an t-aer na haeir genitive an aeir na n-aer dative leis an aer don aer leis na haeir

Derived terms

• aer-
• aerach
• aerfort
• aerghiotár
• aertha

Noun

aer m (genitive singular aeir)

1. wonder

Declension

Declension of aer (first declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative aer vocative a aeir genitive aeir dative aer forms with the definite article singular nominative an t-aer genitive an aeir dative leis an aer don aer

Mutation

Mutated forms of aer

radical	eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
aer	n-aer	haer	t-aer

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “aer”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 6
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “aer”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews-

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér

Proto-Hellenic *auhḗr

Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr)bor.

Latin āēr

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr, “air”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈaː.eːr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈaː.er]

Noun

āēr m or f (genitive āeris or āeros); third declension

1. air

   Synonym: anima

2. (philosophy) the troposphere (situated below aethēr)
   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 3.366–367:

     […] Stiriaque impexis induruit horrida barbis,
     Interea toto non setius aere ningit.

     […] hoarfrost clings to their uncombed, shaggy beards while the whole sky keeps on shedding snow.

Declension

Third-declension noun (Greek-type, variant with nominative singular in -ēr).

	singular	plural
nominative	āēr	āerēs āera
genitive	āeris āeros	āerum
dative	āerī	āeribus
accusative	āera āerem	āerēs āera
ablative	āere	āeribus
vocative	āēr	āerēs āera

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: air, airu
  • Romanian: aer
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: aere, aiere, aire, are (archaic)
• Padanian:
  • Friulian: aiar, ajar (alternative orthography)
  • Ligurian: àire, ære
  • Lombard: àira, àjer
  • Piedmontese: àire
  • Romansh: ajer, aria, leer
  • Venetan: aiere, agere
    • → Cimbrian: èar
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: êr, âr, air, are
  • Old French: air, aer, aïr, ar, eir, aeir, eyer, aire
    • French: air
    • Norman: air
    • → Middle English: aire, ayre, eire, eyre, aere
      • English: air
      • Scots: air
      • Yola: aare
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: aire
  • Occitan: aire, aere
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Leonese:
    • Asturian: aire
    • Mirandese: aire
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: aire, aaer, aar, aer, aere, ayre, ayro, eer, haar, har
    • Fala: airi
    • Galician: aire, ar
    • Portuguese: ar
  • Old Spanish: ayre, aire
    • Ladino: ayre
    • Spanish: aire
• Insular Romance
  • Sardinian: aera, àeri, àghera, àiri, ari, ària
• From the metathesis (and/or femininization) of Latin āera (the Greek-type accusative):
  • Dalmatian:
    • aria
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Italian: aria (see there for further descendants)
      • → Venetan: aria
      • → Ligurian: âia
      • → Lombard: aria
      • → Piedmontese: aria
    • Sicilian: àriu ⇒ ària
      • → Maltese: arja

Borrowings

• → Albanian: ajër
• → Old Irish: aer
  • Irish: aer, aidhéar
  • Manx: aer
  • Scottish Gaelic: adhar
• → Polish: (Middle Polish) aer (learned)
• → Proto-Brythonic: *auɨr
  • Breton: aer
  • Old Cornish: aƿui, aƿuir
    • Cornish: ayr
  • Middle Welsh: awyr
    • Welsh: awyr

References

• “aer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “aer”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Malay

Noun

aer (uncountable)

1. (Medan) alternative form of air (“water”)

Manado Malay

Etymology

From Malay air.

Noun

aer

1. water

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish aer, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛːr/
• Homophone: ayr

Noun

aer f

1. sky
2. air

Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Dutch *ār, from Proto-West Germanic *ahaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *ahaz.

Noun

âer f

1. ear (of corn, grain etc.)

Inflection

Strong feminine noun

	singular	plural
nominative	âer	âre
accusative	âer	âre
genitive	âer, âre	âre
dative	âer, âre	âren

Descendants

• Dutch: aar
  • Afrikaans: aar

Etymology 2

From Old Dutch *arn, from Proto-Germanic *arô.

Noun

āer m

1. eagle

Inflection

Strong masculine noun

	singular	plural
nominative	āer	āre
accusative	āer	āre
genitive	āers	āre
dative	āre	āren

Descendants

• Dutch: aar

Further reading

• “aer”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “aer (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “aer (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

Old Irish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.er/

Noun

aer m (genitive aeir, nominative plural aeir)

1. air
2. sky

Inflection

Masculine o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	aer	aerL	aeirL
vocative	aeir	aerL	aeruH
accusative	aerN	aerL	aeruH
genitive	aeirL	aer	aerN
dative	aerL	aeraib	aeraib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: aer, aidhéar
• Manx: aer
• Scottish Gaelic: adhar

Mutation

Mutation of aer

radical	lenition	nasalization
aer (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	aer	n-aer

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “aer”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Polish

Etymology

First attested in 1624–1625.

Pronunciation

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɛr/

Noun

aer m animacy unattested

1. Middle Polish form of aeria

Declension

Attested forms of aer

	singular	plural
nominative	aer	—
genitive	aeru	—
dative	—	—
accusative	—	—
instrumental	—	—
locative	—	—
vocative	—	—

References

• Danuta Lankiewicz (12.02.2021), “AER”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin āēr.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.jer/

Noun

aer n (plural aere)

1. air

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	aer	aerul	aere	aerele
genitive-dative	aer	aerului	aere	aerelor
vocative	aerule		aerelor

Derived terms

• aera
• aeresc
• aeros

Related terms

• aerisi
• aero-

See also

• văzduh

Scots

Etymology 1

Noun

aer (plural aers)

1. Shetland form of air (“small quantity”)

Etymology 2

Noun

aer (plural aers)

1. Shetland form of air (“oar”)

Etymology 3

Noun

aer (plural aers)

1. Shetland form of air (“beach”)

Venetan

Etymology

From Latin habeō.

Verb

aer

1. to have

See also

• èser (“to be”)

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /aːɨ̯r/
• (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ai̯r/
  • (air): (South Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /aːr/
• Rhymes: -aːɨ̯r

Etymology 1

From English air, from Old French air, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).

Noun

aer m (uncountable)

1. air

   Synonym: awyr

Derived terms

• aerofod (“aerospace”)

Etymology 2

From Middle English heir, from Anglo-Norman eir, heir, from Latin hērēs.

Noun

aer m (plural aerion or aeron)

1. heir

   Synonym: etifedd

Derived terms

• aeres (“heiress”)
• (obsolete) aerio (“to inherit”)

Etymology 3

From Old Welsh hair, from Proto-Brythonic *aɨr, from Proto-Celtic *agrom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵro- (“hunt”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“drive”). Doublet of amaeth (“agriculture”). Cognate with Irish ár, Manx haar, Scottish Gaelic àr.

Noun

aer f (plural aerau or aeroedd)

1. (obsolete) battle

   Synonym: brwydr

2. (obsolete) slaughter, carnage

   Synonyms: cyflafan, lladdfa

Etymology 4

Verb

aer

1. (literary) impersonal imperative of mynd

   Synonym: eler

Mutation

Mutated forms of aer

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
aer	unchanged	unchanged	haer

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “aer”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Zealandic

Etymology

From Middle Dutch hâer, from Old Dutch hār, from Proto-West Germanic *hār, from Proto-Germanic *hērą.

Noun

aer n (plural [please provide])

1. hair

Alternative forms

• aor
• 'aer
• 'aor