Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂er-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂er-

1. to fit, to fix, to put together

Extensions

*h₂erh₁-

• *h₂r̥h₁-sḱé-ti
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἀρέσκω (aréskō)
• *h₂r̥-h₂r̥h₁-sḱé-ti
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἀραρίσκω (ararískō)
• *h₂r̥h₁-téh₂
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἀρετή (aretḗ)

*h₂rey-

• *h₂réy-tus
  • Italic:
    • Latin: rītus
• *h₂ri-dʰ-mó-s
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἀριθμός (arithmós)

*h₂erd-

• *h₂or-d-h₃onh₂-
  • Italic:
    • Latin: ordō

Derived terms

► Terms derived from the PIE root *h₂er-

• *h₂r-éh₁(ye)-ti
  • Italic: *rēōr
    • Latin: reor
• *h₂ér-ti-s ~ *h₂r̥-téy-s
  • Italic:
    • Latin: ars
• *h₂r̥-tó-s
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: (ἁμ)αρτή ((ham)artḗ)
  • Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥tás
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: ऋत (ṛtá)
    • Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬀𐬭𐬙𐬀‎ (arta)
      • Middle Persian: ʾltʾy (ardā)
        • Persian: ارد‎ (ard)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: artus
• *h₂ér-tus ~ *h₂r̥-téw-s
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: ऋतु (ṛtú)
    • Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎‎ (ratu)
      • Middle Persian: lt' (rad)
        • Persian: رد‎ (rad)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἀρτύω (artúō)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: artus
• *h₂r̥-mó-s
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἁρμός (harmós)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: armus m, arma n pl (“arms, weapons”)
  • → *h₂r̥-mo-d-yéti
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: ἁρμόζω (harmózō)
• *h₂r̥-mo-n-ih₂
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἁρμονίᾱ (harmoníā)
• *h₂r̥-dʰmó-s
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἀρθμός (arthmós)
• *h₂ér-mn̥ ~ *h₂r̥-mén-s
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἅρμα (hárma)
  • → *h₂er-mn̥-to-
    • Italic:
      • Latin: armentum
• *h₂ér-dʰro-m
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἄρθρον (árthron)
• *h₂ér-yōs ~ *h₂r̥-is-és
  • → *h₂ér-(h₁)-isō
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: ἀρείων (areíōn)
  • → *h₂ér-is-to-s
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: ἄριστος (áristos)
  • → *h₂r̥-is-teró-s
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: ἀριστερός (aristerós)
• *h₂er-eh₂-k-sneh₂ (may be with root *(s)neh₁-)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἀράχνη (arákhnē), ἀράχνης (arákhnēs)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: arānea, arāneus
• Unsorted formations:
  • Anatolian: *ʔor- < o-grade form, *h₂or-, with the laryngeal neutralized before */o/
    • Lycian: [script needed] (ara-, “rite”)
    • Hittite: 𒀀𒀀𒊏 (āra, “right, proper”)
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: առնեմ (aṙnem), յարեմ (yarem), յարմար (yarmar), արդ (ard), (possibly) անարի (anari), (possibly) արմանամ (armanam)
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Slavic: *arьmò, *arь̀mъ (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἄρα (ára)
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: अरम् (áram)
    • Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨‎ (arəm, “fitting”)

References

• Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 198f
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 123
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 55