artus

See also: Artus

Latin

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Italic *artos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-tó-s (“fitted”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join, fit (together)”). Cognates include Sanskrit ऋ॒त (ṛtá, “order; right”) and Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “truth”).

Alternative forms

• arctus (erroneous)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈar.tʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈar.tus]

Adjective

artus (feminine arta, neuter artum, comparative artior, superlative artissimus); first/second-declension adjective

2. narrow; close; fitted; confined; dense

   Synonym: angustus

3. (figuratively) severe; strict; scanty; brief

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	artus	arta	artum		artī	artae	arta
genitive	artī	artae	artī		artōrum	artārum	artōrum
dative	artō	artae	artō		artīs
accusative	artum	artam	artum		artōs	artās	arta
ablative	artō	artā	artō		artīs
vocative	arte	arta	artum		artī	artae	arta

Derived terms

• artē
• artiō
• artō
• artum

Descendants

• Italian: arto (“narrow”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Italic *artus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r-tú-s (“that which is fit together; juncture; ordering”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join; to fit”); thus, ultimately from the same root as the “close” sense of Etymology 1).

Cognates include Sanskrit ऋ॒तु (ṛtú, “right time; order; rule”), Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρτῡ́ς (ărtū́s, “arranging; arrangement”) and Old Armenian արդ (ard, “ornament; shape”). From the same root also ars, artis (“art”) and arma (“armor”).

Noun

artus m (genitive artūs); fourth declension

2. (anatomy, usually in the plural) a joint
3. (figuratively) sinew, strength, power
4. (poetic) the limbs
   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 15.547–551:

     Non tamen Egeriae luctus aliena levare
     damna valent; montisque iacens radicibus imis
     liquitur in lacrimas, donec pietate dolentis
     mota soror Phoebi gelidum de corpore fontem
     fecit et aeternas artus tenuavit in undas.

     But the woes of others did not have the strength to lift Egeria's griefs; and lying at the lowest roots of a mountain she melted into tears, until, moved by the faithfulness of her suffering, the sister of Phoebus made from her body a cool spring, and weakened her limbs into eternal streams.

Declension

Fourth-declension noun (dative/ablative plural in -ubus or neuter, dative/ablative plural in -ubus).

	singular	plural
nominative	artus	artūs artua
genitive	artūs	artuum
dative	artuī	artubus
accusative	artum	artūs artua
ablative	artū	artubus
vocative	artus	artūs artua

Derived terms

• articulus
• artuātim
• artuātus

Descendants

• Italian: arto (“limb”)

Further reading

• “artus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “artus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "artus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “artus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to tremble in every limb: omnibus artubus contremiscere
    
  • to fall fast asleep: artus somnus aliquem complectitur (Rep. 6. 10)
    
  • (ambiguous) to sleep soundly (from fatigue): arte, graviter dormire (ex lassitudine)
    
  • (ambiguous) theoretical, speculative philosophy: philosophia, quae in rerum contemplatione versatur, or quae artis praeceptis continetur
    
  • (ambiguous) to have been reduced to a system: arte conclusum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be very intimately related: arte (artissime) coniunctum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) a work of art: artis opus; opus arte factum or perfectum
    
  • (ambiguous) the rules of art; aesthetics: artis praecepta, or also simply ars
    
  • (ambiguous) a connoisseur; a specialist: (artis, artium) intellegens, peritus (opp. idiota, a layman)
    
  • (ambiguous) to be very eloquent: dicendi arte florere
    

Latvian

Participle

artus

1. accusative plural masculine of arts