barah

Balinese

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Javanese barah (“leprous ulcer”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀəq, from Proto-Austronesian *baʀəq (“abscess, boil, swelling on the body”). Doublet of baah.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ba.rah/
• Rhymes: -arah
• Hyphenation: ba‧rah

Adjective

barah (Balinese script ᬩᬭᬄ)

1. swollen

Further reading

• “barah”, in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia] (in Balinese), Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali]

Iban

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *barah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀəq, from Proto-Austronesian *baʀəq.

Adjective

barah

1. wounded

References

• Scott, N. C. (1956), A Dictionary of Sea Dayak‎^[1], School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈbarah/ [ˈba.rah]
• Rhymes: -arah
• Syllabification: ba‧rah

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay barah, from Proto-Malayic *barah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀəq, from Proto-Austronesian *baʀəq (“abscess, boil, swelling on the body”).

Noun

barah (plural barah-barah)

1. tumor

   Synonym: tumor

2. abscess, boil, pustule

   Synonyms: abses, bisul

Derived terms

Affixations

• membarah

Compounds

• barah batu
• barah bir
• barah sisip

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Acehnese [Term?].

Noun

barah (plural barah-barah)

1. shell throwing game

Further reading

• “barah”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Javanese

Romanization

barah

1. romanization of ꦧꦫꦃ

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *barah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀəq, from Proto-Austronesian *baʀəq (“abscess, boil, swelling on the body”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbarah/ [ˈba.rah]

Noun

barah (Jawi spelling باره, plural barah-barah or barah²)

1. (chiefly Riau, Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore) cancer

   Synonym: kanser

   Synonym: (Indonesian) kanker

   • 2020 November 22, Nooratini Haji Abas, “Penyakit kardiovaskular semakin meningkat dalam golongan muda”, in Pelita Brunei:

     Penyakit kardiovaskular di Negara Brunei Darussalam kekal sebagai penyebab kedua tertinggi selepas barah, di mana ia menyumbang hampir 25 peratus kematian pada tahun 2018.

     Cardiovascular disease in Brunei Darussalam remains the second highest cause (of death) after cancer, where it accounted for nearly 25 percent of deaths in 2018.

   • 2023 January 18, Farid Hamzah, “Pusat barah bersepadu baru di Hospital Mount Alvernia”, in Berita Harian (Singapore):

     Sebuah pusat barah bersepadu baru, yang dijangka dapat menyediakan rawatan bagi sekitar 1,800 pesakit setahun pada masa akan datang, telah dilancarkan di Hospital Mount Alvernia.

     A new integrated cancer centre, which is expected to provide treatment for around 1,800 patients a year in the future, has been launched at Mount Alvernia Hospital.

2. abscess, carbuncle, pustule, boil

   Synonyms: abses, bisul, bengkak, kebengkakan

3. (obsolete) inflammation

   Synonyms: radang, keradangan

4. (obsolete) tumor

   Synonyms: ketumbuhan, tumor

Derived terms

Affixations

• membarah

Compounds

• barah batang
• barah batu
• barah bir
• barah bunyi
• barah cika
• barah empang
• barah gajah
• barah kelawar
• barah kepala beruang
• barah kepala harimau
• barah kundur buruk
• barah nangka
• barah raja
• barah sisik
• barah sisip
• barah tetek
• barah tiarap
• barah ular
• batuk barah
• batuk barah angin
• bunga barah
• ubat barah

Descendants

• Indonesian: barah

References

• Kamus Melayu Deli-Indonesia, Balai Bahasa Sumatera Utara Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa Republik Indonesia, 2018, page 14
• Kamus Melayu Sumatera Utara-Indonesia, Balai Bahasa Sumatera Utara Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa Republik Indonesia, 2018, →ISBN, page 37
• Kamus Bahasa Indonesia-Melayu Riau, Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1997, →ISBN, page 418
• Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “باره barah”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 42
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901), “باره barah”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 80
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “barah”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 85

Further reading

• “barah”, in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu [Malay Literary Reference Centre] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Mualang

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *barah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀəq, from Proto-Austronesian *baʀəq.

Noun

barah

1. abscess

References

• Tjia, J. (2007), A grammar of Mualang: an Ibanic language of West Kalimantan, Indonesia‎^[2], LOT dissertation series, Utrecht: LOT, page 410

Old Javanese

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀəq, from Proto-Austronesian *baʀəq (“abscess, boil, swelling on the body”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ba.rah/
• Rhymes: -rah
• Hyphenation: ba‧rah

Noun

barah

1. leprous ulcer

Descendants

• Javanese: ꦧꦫꦃ (barah)
• → Balinese: ᬩᬭᬄ (barah)

Further reading

• "barah" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.