lever

See also: Lever

English

A lever

A lever diagram

Pronunciation

• (Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈliː.vɚ/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈliː.və/,

  Audio (RP)

  (file)

  Hyphenation: lever

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈlɛv.ɚ/, /ˈliː.vɚ/

  Audio (GA)

  (file)

  Hyphenation: le‧ver, Hyphenation: lev‧er

• Rhymes: -ɛvə(ɹ), -iːvə(ɹ)
• Homophones: leaver, Lever (for the pronunciation /ˈliːvə(ɹ)/)

Etymology 1

From Middle English lever, levore, levour, from Old French leveor, leveur (“a lifter, lever (also Old French and French levier)”), from Latin levātor (“a lifter”), from levō (“to raise”); see levant. Compare alleviate, elevate, leaven.

Noun

lever (plural levers)

1. (mechanics) A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; — used for transmitting and modifying force and motion.
   1. Specifically, a bar of metal, wood or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is of three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P, respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures.
2. A small such piece to trigger or control a mechanical device (like a button).
3. (mechanics) A bar, as a capstan bar, applied to a rotatory piece to turn it.
   • 2012 March 1, Henry Petroski, “Opening Doors”, in American Scientist‎^[1], volume 100, number 2, page 112-3:

     A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum of levers, with the axis of the latching mechanism—known as the spindle—being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place.

4. (mechanics) An arm on a rock shaft, to give motion to the shaft or to obtain motion from it.
5. (obsolete, except in generalized senses below) A crowbar.
   • 1613, John Marston, William Barksted, The Insatiate Countess, IV.1:

     My lord, I brained him with a lever my neighbour lent me, and he stood by and cried, ‘Strike home, old boy!’

Translations

rigid piece

• Afrikaans: hefboom
• Albanian: lloz (sq) m, levë (sq) f
• Arabic: رَافِعَة‎ f (rāfiʿa)
• Armenian: լծակ (hy) (lcak)
• Azerbaijani: ling
• Bashkir: һалмауыр (halmawïr)
• Basque: please add this translation if you can
• Belarusian: падва́жнік m (padvážnik), вага́р m (vahár), рыча́г m (ryčáh)
• Bengali: লিভার (bn) (libhar)
• Bulgarian: лост (bg) m (lost)
• Burmese: ကုတ် (my) (kut)
• Catalan: alçaprem (ca) m, palanca (ca) f
• Central Melanau: tuwaih, suwil
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 槓桿 (zh), 杠杆 (zh) (gànggǎn)

• Classical Nahuatl: cuammītl
• Czech: páka (cs) f
• Danish: vægtstang (da) c
• Dutch: hefboom (nl) m
• Esperanto: baskulo, levilo
• Estonian: kang (et)
• Finnish: vipu (fi)
• French: levier (fr) m
• Galician: cambón (gl) m, panca (gl) f, perpau m, palferro m, alzaprema f, palastra f, mourón (gl) m, gurra f, bimbarra f
• Georgian: ბერკეტი (berḳeṭi)
• German: Hebel (de) m
• Greek: μοχλός (el) m (mochlós)

  Ancient: μοχλός m (mokhlós)

• Gujarati: ઉચ્ચાલક (uccālak)
• Hebrew: מָנוֹף‎ (he) m (manóf)
• Hindi: उत्तोलक m (uttolak), लीवर (hi) m (līvar)
• Hungarian: emelő (hu), emelőrúd (hu)
• Icelandic: vogarstöng f, lyftistöng f
• Indonesian: tuas (id), pengungkit (id)
• Irish: luamhán m
• Italian: leva (it) f
• Japanese: 梃子 (てこ, teko)
• Kazakh: иінтірек (ïintirek)
• Khmer: គម្នាស់ (kumnŏəh), ដងថ្លឹង (dɑngthləng)
• Korean: 지레 (ko) (jire)
• Kyrgyz: рычаг (rıçağ)
• Lao: ລີ້ນ (lo) (līn), ຊະແລງ (sa lǣng), ໄມ້ງັດ (lo) (mai ngat)

• Latin: vectis (la) m
• Latvian: svira f
• Lithuanian: svirtis m, svertas m
• Macedonian: лост m (lost)
• Malay: tuil, tuas, pengumpil, pengungkil, pengungkit
• Malayalam: ഉത്തോലകം (ml) (uttōlakaṃ)
• Maori: hua, tūwhiti
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: хөшүүрэг (mn) (khöshüüreg)

• Newar: थिँभः (thĩbha:)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: vektstang m or f

  Nynorsk: vektstong f

• Pashto: رافعه‎ (ps) f (rāfe'á), اړم‎ m (aṛám), اړمی‎ m (aramáy), خريز‎ m (xriz), دغری‎ m (daǧǝ́ray), دورسي‎ m (duresí)
• Persian: اهرم‎ (fa) (ahrom)
• Polish: dźwignia (pl) f, drążek (pl) m, lewar (pl) m, wajcha (pl) f
• Portuguese: alavanca (pt) f
• Romanian: pârghie (ro) f
• Russian: рыча́г (ru) m (ryčág)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: по̀луга f

  Roman: pòluga (sh) f

• Slovak: páka f
• Slovene: vzvod (sl) m
• Spanish: palanca (es) f
• Swedish: hävstång (sv) c
• Tagalog: dalawit
• Tajik: фашанг (fašang), фишанг (fišang), дастак (dastak)
• Tamil: நெம்புகோல் (ta) (nempukōl)
• Telugu: తులాదండము (te) (tulādaṇḍamu)
• Thai: คาน (th) (kaan)
• Turkish: kaldıraç (tr)
• Turkmen: leňňer
• Ukrainian: ва́жіль (uk) m (vážilʹ), підо́йма f (pidójma), підва́га f (pidváha)
• Urdu: لیور‎ m (līvar)
• Uzbek: pishang (uz), dastak (uz), richag (uz)
• Vietnamese: đòn bẩy
• Walloon: djîsse (wa) f, levî (wa) m
• West Frisian: hefbeam c, hefaerm c

small such piece to trigger or control a mechanical device

• Bulgarian: ръ́чка (bg) f (rǎ́čka)
• Catalan: palanca (ca) f
• Czech: páka (cs) f
• Dutch: hendel (nl)
• Esperanto: baskulo
• Finnish: vipu (fi)
• French: levier (fr) m, manette (fr) f
• Galician: travón m
• Georgian: ბერკეტი (berḳeṭi)

• German: Hebel (de) m
• Greek: μοχλός (el) m (mochlós)
• Hungarian: kar (hu), fogantyú (hu)
• Italian: levetta
• Korean: 지레 (ko) (jire)
• Portuguese: alavanca (pt) f
• Slovak: páka f
• Spanish: palanca (es) f
• Swedish: spak (sv) c

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Afrikaans: ^{(please verify)} hefboom

• Ido: ^{(please verify)} levero (io)

Verb

lever (third-person singular simple present levers, present participle levering, simple past and past participle levered)

1. (transitive) To move with a lever.

   With great effort and a big crowbar I managed to lever the beam off the floor.

   • 1938, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter 7, in Homage to Catalonia‎^[2], London: Secker & Warburg:

     Someone found a pick and levered a burst plank out of the floor, and in a few minutes we had got a fire alight and our drenched clothes were steaming.

2. (figuratively, transitive) To use, operate or move (something) like a lever (physically).
   • 1961, V. S. Naipaul, A House for Mr Biswas, Vintage International, 2001, Part Two, Chapter 1,

     Suddenly he had levered himself up from the sofa, rocking the lame man violently, and was walking towards the receptionist.

3. (figuratively, transitive) To use (something) like a lever (in an abstract sense).
   • 2001, Joshua Cooper Ramo, “Bagging the Butcher,” Time, 9 April, 2001,^[3]

     He was a man who levered his way from small-time communist hack to political power by tapping into the most potent vein of historical juice in the Balkans: nationalism.

   • 2013, Robert McCrum, “Biographies of the year — review,” The Guardian, 8 December, 2013,^[4]

     Credited with pioneering the detective novel, Collins has attracted many biographers over the years, drawn to his extraordinary life and work in the hope of levering open a new understanding of the Victorian psyche.

4. (chiefly UK, finance) To increase the share of debt in the capitalization of a business.
   • 1989 June 26, “Corporate America wants its privacy”, in Minneapolis Star-Tribune:

     "The equity holders want you to 'lever up,' use as much debt as you can," said David Stanley, chairman of Kansas City-based Payless Cashways,

Translations

to move with a lever

• Finnish: vivuta (fi)
• German: hebeln (de)
• Hungarian: megemel (hu), felemel (hu)

• Maori: huaranga
• Portuguese: alavancar
• Spanish: apalancar (es)

to use like a lever

• Finnish: vivuttaa

finance: to increase the share of debt

• Finnish: vivuttaa

• Spanish: ampliar capital

Derived terms

Derived terms

• compound lever
• gear lever
• leverage
• lever escapement
• lever frame

• lever jack
• lever watch
• tire lever, tyre lever
• universal lever

Etymology 2

From Middle English lever, comparative of leve, leef (“dear, beloved, lief”), equivalent to lief +‎ -er. Related to German lieber (“rather”).

Alternative forms

• liever

Adverb

lever (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) Rather.
   • 1530, John Heywood, The Four PP

     for I had lever be without ye / Then have suche besines about ye

   • [1531, William Tyndale, transl.], The prophete Ionas […], [Antwerp:: Merten de Keyser], chapter iiij:[3]:

     Now therfore take my life from me / for I had leuer dye then liue.

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book I, canto IX, page 128:

     For leuer had I die, then ſee his deadly face.

Translations

rather — see rather

Etymology 3

Borrowed from French lever.

Noun

lever (plural levers)

1. (rare) A levee.
   • 1742, Miss Robinson, Mrs. Delany's Letters, II.191:

     We do not appear at Phœbus's Levér.

   • 2011, Tim Blanning, "The reinvention of the night", Times Literary Supplement, 21 Sep 2011:

     Louis XIV’s day began with a lever at 9 and ended (officially) at around midnight.

Further reading

• “lever” in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• “lever” in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• Revel, elver, revel

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Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Danish liuær, from Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *librō, cognate with English liver and German Leber. The Germanic word may be an irregular remodelling of the Proto-Indo-European word for "liver", *yókʷr̥, cf. Ancient Greek ἧπαρ (hêpar) and Latin iecur.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlewˀɐ]

Noun

lever c (singular definite leveren, plural indefinite levere)

1. liver

Inflection

Declension of lever

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	lever	leveren	levere	leverne
genitive	levers	leverens	leveres	levernes

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈleːʋɐ], [ˈleːwɐ]

Verb

lever

1. present of leve

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [leˈʋeɐ̯ˀ]

Verb

lever or levér

1. imperative of levere

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈleːvər/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: le‧ver
• Rhymes: -eːvər

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch lēvere, from Old Dutch *levara, from Proto-West Germanic *libru, from Proto-Germanic *librō.

Noun

lever f (plural levers, diminutive levertje n)

1. liver
2. edible animal liver as a dish or culinary ingredient

Derived terms

• ganzenlever
• kalfslever
• kippenlever
• leverbloem
• leverbotziekte
• leverextract
• leverkaas
• leverkleurig
• leverpastei
• levertraan
• levertumor
• leverworst
• leverziekte
• rundslever
• varkenslever

 

Descendants

• Afrikaans: lewer
• Berbice Creole Dutch: lefre
• Negerhollands: leber
• → Aukan: lebii
• → Indonesian: lever
• → Saramaccan: lebèn
• → Sranan Tongo: lefre
  • → Caribbean Javanese: léfer

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

lever

1. first-person singular present indicative of leveren
2. imperative of leveren

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French

Etymology

From Middle French lever, from Old French lever, from Latin levāre, present active infinitive of levō (“to elevate”), from levis (“light, not heavy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lə.ve/

• audio

  (file)

• Homophones: levai, levé, levée, levées, levés, levez

Verb

lever

1. (transitive) to raise, lift

   Antonym: baisser

2. (reflexive) to rise, stand up

   Antonym: s'abaisser

3. (reflexive) (of celestial bodies) To rise, come up

   Antonym: se coucher

   Le Soleil se lève à l'est et se couche à l'ouest.

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

4. (reflexive) to get up (out of bed)

   Je me lève, je me lave. ― I get up, I wash.

   Antonyms: se coucher, s'allonger

5. (reflexive, of fog, rain and etc) to clear, lift

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il lève rather than *il leve. Other verbs conjugated this way include acheter and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.

Conjugation of lever (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	lever
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	levant /lə.vɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		levé /lə.ve/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	lève /lɛv/	lèves /lɛv/	lève /lɛv/	levons /lə.vɔ̃/	levez /lə.ve/	lèvent /lɛv/
	imperfect	levais /lə.vɛ/	levais /lə.vɛ/	levait /lə.vɛ/	levions /lə.vjɔ̃/	leviez /lə.vje/	levaient /lə.vɛ/
	past historic2	levai /lə.ve/	levas /lə.va/	leva /lə.va/	levâmes /lə.vam/	levâtes /lə.vat/	levèrent /lə.vɛʁ/
	future	lèverai /lɛ.vʁe/ or /le.vʁe/	lèveras /lɛ.vʁa/ or /le.vʁa/	lèvera /lɛ.vʁa/ or /le.vʁa/	lèverons /lɛ.vʁɔ̃/ or /le.vʁɔ̃/	lèverez /lɛ.vʁe/ or /le.vʁe/	lèveront /lɛ.vʁɔ̃/ or /le.vʁɔ̃/
	conditional	lèverais /lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /le.vʁɛ/	lèverais /lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /le.vʁɛ/	lèverait /lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /le.vʁɛ/	lèverions /lɛ.və.ʁjɔ̃/ or /le.və.ʁjɔ̃/	lèveriez /lɛ.və.ʁje/ or /le.və.ʁje/	lèveraient /lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /le.vʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	lève /lɛv/	lèves /lɛv/	lève /lɛv/	levions /lə.vjɔ̃/	leviez /lə.vje/	lèvent /lɛv/
	imperfect2	levasse /lə.vas/	levasses /lə.vas/	levât /lə.va/	levassions /lə.va.sjɔ̃/	levassiez /lə.va.sje/	levassent /lə.vas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	lève /lɛv/	—	levons /lə.vɔ̃/	levez /lə.ve/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• au pied levé
• l'avenir appartient à ceux qui se lèvent tôt
• levage
• levant
• Levant
• Levantin
• lève-Dieu
• levée
• lever du soleil
• lever l'ancre
• lever le camp
• lever le petit doigt
• lever le pied
• lever les yeux au ciel
• lever le voile
• lever un lièvre
• lève-tard
• leveur
• levure
• se lever
• se lever du mauvais pied
• se lever du pied gauche
• vote à main levée

 

Noun

lever m (plural levers)

1. the act of getting up in the morning

Further reading

• “lever”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• lèvre

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Hungarian

Etymology

le- +‎ ver

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlɛvɛr]
• Hyphenation: le‧ver
• Rhymes: -ɛr

Verb

lever

1. (transitive) to knock down

Conjugation

conjugation of lever

			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	leverek	leversz	lever	leverünk	levertek	levernek
		Def.	leverem	levered	leveri	leverjük	leveritek	leverik
		2nd-p. o.	leverlek	―
	Past	Indef.	levertem	levertél	levert	levertünk	levertetek	levertek
		Def.	levertem	leverted	leverte	levertük	levertétek	leverték
		2nd-p. o.	levertelek	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	levernék	levernél	leverne	levernénk	levernétek	levernének
		Def.	leverném	levernéd	leverné	levernénk (or levernők)	levernétek	levernék
		2nd-p. o.	levernélek	―
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	leverjek	leverj or leverjél	leverjen	leverjünk	leverjetek	leverjenek
		Def.	leverjem	leverd or leverjed	leverje	leverjük	leverjétek	leverjék
		2nd-p. o.	leverjelek	―
Infinitive	leverni		levernem	leverned	levernie	levernünk	levernetek	leverniük
Other nonfinite verb forms			Verbal noun	Present participle	Past participle	Future part.	Adverbial part.	Potential
			leverés	leverő	levert	leverendő	leverve	leverhet

Derived terms

• leverés

 

Further reading

• lever in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

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Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch lever (“liver”), from Middle Dutch lēvere, from Old Dutch *levara, from Proto-Germanic *librō. Doublet of liver.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlɛvər]
• Hyphenation: lè‧vêr

Noun

lèvêr (first-person possessive leverku, second-person possessive levermu, third-person possessive levernya)

1. liver.

   Synonym: hati

Alternative forms

• liver

Further reading

• “lever” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

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Latin

Verb

lēver

1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of lēvō

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Middle English

Etymology 1

Comparative of leve (“dear”) of Germanic origin (compare German lieb) or lief.

Adverb

lever

1. Rather.

   For him was lever have at his bed's head
   Twenty bookes, clad in black or red,
   . . . Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie. —The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer

   But lever than this worldés good
   She would have wist how that it stood —Tales of the Seven Deadly Sins, John Gower.

Etymology 2

Noun

lever

1. Alternative form of lyvere (“liver”)

Etymology 3

Noun

lever

1. Alternative form of lyvere (“living being”)

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Middle French

Etymology

From Old French lever.

Verb

lever

1. to lift

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of lever

infinitive	simple	lever
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	levant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		levé
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	leve	leves	leve	levons	levez	levent
	imperfect	levois, levoys	levois, levoys	levoit, levoyt	levions, levyons	leviez, levyez	levoient, levoyent
	past historic	leva	levas	leva	levasmes	levastes	leverent
	future	leverai, leveray	leveras	levera	leverons	leverez	leveront
	conditional	leverois, leveroys	leverois, leveroys	leveroit, leveroyt	leverions, leveryons	leveriez, leveryez	leveroient, leveroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	leve	leves	leve	levons	levez	levent
	imperfect	levasse	levasses	levast	levassions	levassiez	levassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	leve	—	levons	levez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

• French: lever

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (lever, supplement)

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smudge, stick”), from *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”).

Noun

lever m or f (definite singular leveren or levra, indefinite plural levere or levre or levrer, definite plural leverne or levrene)

1. (anatomy) a liver
2. liver (eaten as food)

Derived terms

• skrumplever

Etymology 2

Verb

lever

1. present tense of leve
2. imperative of levere

References

• “lever” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smudge, stick”), from *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”). Akin to English liver.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈleʋːər/ (example of pronunciation)

Noun

lever f (definite singular levra, indefinite plural levrar or levrer, definite plural levrane or levrene)

1. (anatomy) a liver
2. liver (eaten as food)

Alternative forms

• (superseded) livr

Derived terms

• skrumplever

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²leːʋɛr/ (example of pronunciation)

Verb

lever

1. present of leve

Further reading

• “lever” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Old French

Etymology

From Latin lēvāre, present active infinitive of lēvō.

Verb

lever

1. to lift (up)
2. (reflexive, se lever) to get up (get out of bed)

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-v, *-vs, *-vt are modified to f, s, t. This verb has a stressed present stem liev distinct from the unstressed stem lev. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of lever (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		lever			avoir levé
gerund		en levant			Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle		levant
past participle		levé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	lief	lieves	lieve	levons	levez	lievent
	imperfect	levoie, leveie, levoe, leveve	levoies, leveies, levoes, leveves	levoit, leveit, levot, leveve	leviiens, leviens	leviiez, leviez	levoient, leveient, levoent, levevent
	preterite	levai	levas	leva	levames	levastes	leverent
	future	leverai	leveras	levera	leverons	leveroiz, levereiz, leverez	leveront
	conditional	leveroie, levereie	leveroies, levereies	leveroit, levereit	leveriiens, leveriens	leveriiez, leveriez	leveroient, levereient
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior	Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	lief	lies	liet	levons	levez	lievent
	imperfect	levasse	levasses	levast	levissons, levissiens	levissoiz, levissez, levissiez	levassent
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	lieve	—	levons	levez	—

Descendants

• Middle French: lever
  • French: lever

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Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse hleifr, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz.

Noun

lēver m

1. loaf, bread

Declension

  Declension of lever (strong a-stem)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	lēver	lēvrin	lēvar	lēvanir, lēvaner
accusative	lēv	lēvin	lēva	lēvana
dative	lēvi, lēve	lēvinum, lēvenom	lēvum, lēvom	lēvumin, lēvomen
genitive	lēvs	lēvsins	lēva	lēvanna

Descendants

• Swedish: lev

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smudge, stick”), from *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”).

Noun

lever c

1. (anatomy) a liver

Declension

Declension of lever
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	lever	levern	levrar	levrarna
Genitive	levers	leverns	levrars	levrarnas

Etymology 2

Verb

lever

1. present tense of leva.

Further reading

• lever in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• lever in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• lever in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)