ἧπαρ

See also: ήπαρ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *yêkʷər, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥. The noun was changed to a T-stem, presumably due to contamination from words like ὄνομᾰ (ónomă); the expected oblique base would be *hepan- (written *ηπαν-) or *ipan- (written *ιπαν-).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hɛ̂ː.par/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)e̝.par/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.par/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.par/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.par/

Noun

ἧπᾰρ • (hêpăr) n (genitive ἥπᾰτος); third declension

liver

Declension

Third declension of τὸ ἧπᾰρ; τοῦ ἥπᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ἧπᾰρ tò hêpăr	τὼ ἥπᾰτε tṑ hḗpăte	τᾰ̀ ἥπᾰτᾰ tằ hḗpătă
Genitive	τοῦ ἥπᾰτος toû hḗpătos	τοῖν ἡπᾰ́τοιν toîn hēpắtoin	τῶν ἡπᾰ́των tôn hēpắtōn
Dative	τῷ ἥπᾰτῐ tôi hḗpătĭ	τοῖν ἡπᾰ́τοιν toîn hēpắtoin	τοῖς ἥπᾰσῐ / ἥπᾰσῐν toîs hḗpăsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ ἧπᾰρ tò hêpăr	τὼ ἥπᾰτε tṑ hḗpăte	τᾰ̀ ἥπᾰτᾰ tằ hḗpătă
Vocative	ἧπᾰρ hêpăr	ἥπᾰτε hḗpăte	ἥπᾰτᾰ hḗpătă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ἧπᾰρ; ἥπᾰτος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἧπᾰρ hêpăr	ἥπᾰτε hḗpăte	ἥπᾰτᾰ hḗpătă
Genitive	ἥπᾰτος hḗpătos	ἡπᾰ́τοιῐν hēpắtoiĭn	ἡπᾰ́των hēpắtōn
Dative	ἥπᾰτῐ hḗpătĭ	ἡπᾰ́τοιῐν hēpắtoiĭn	ἥπᾰσῐ / ἥπᾰσῐν / ἡπᾰ́τεσσῐ / ἡπᾰ́τεσσῐν / ἡπᾰ́τεσῐ / ἡπᾰ́τεσῐν hḗpăsĭ(n) / hēpắtessĭ(n) / hēpắtesĭ(n)
Accusative	ἧπᾰρ hêpăr	ἥπᾰτε hḗpăte	ἥπᾰτᾰ hḗpătă
Vocative	ἧπᾰρ hêpăr	ἥπᾰτε hḗpăte	ἥπᾰτᾰ hḗpătă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

English: hepato-, hepar
Greek: ήπαρ (ípar)
Latin: hēpar

“ἧπαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἧπαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἧπαρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἧπαρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἧπαρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἧπαρ in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- bosom idem, page 90.
- breast idem, page 96.
- heart idem, page 392.
- liver idem, page 496.
- reins idem, page 688.
- soul idem, page 796.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN