ἧπαρ

See also: ήπαρ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *yêkʷər, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hɛ̂ː.par/ → /ˈi.par/ → /ˈi.par/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hɛ̂ː.par/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)e̝.par/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.par/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.par/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.par/

Noun

ἧπᾰρ • (hêpăr) n (genitive ἥπᾰτος); third declension

1. liver

Declension

Third declension of τὸ ἧπᾰρ; τοῦ ἥπᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ἧπᾰρ tò hêpăr	τὼ ἥπᾰτε tṑ hḗpăte	τᾰ̀ ἥπᾰτᾰ tằ hḗpătă
Genitive	τοῦ ἥπᾰτος toû hḗpătos	τοῖν ἡπᾰ́τοιν toîn hēpắtoin	τῶν ἡπᾰ́των tôn hēpắtōn
Dative	τῷ ἥπᾰτῐ tōî hḗpătĭ	τοῖν ἡπᾰ́τοιν toîn hēpắtoin	τοῖς ἥπᾰσῐ / ἥπᾰσῐν toîs hḗpăsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ ἧπᾰρ tò hêpăr	τὼ ἥπᾰτε tṑ hḗpăte	τᾰ̀ ἥπᾰτᾰ tằ hḗpătă
Vocative	ἧπᾰρ hêpăr	ἥπᾰτε hḗpăte	ἥπᾰτᾰ hḗpătă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ἧπᾰρ; ἥπᾰτος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἧπᾰρ hêpăr	ἥπᾰτε hḗpăte	ἥπᾰτᾰ hḗpătă
Genitive	ἥπᾰτος hḗpătos	ἡπᾰ́τοιῐ̈ν hēpắtoiĭ̈n	ἡπᾰ́των hēpắtōn
Dative	ἥπᾰτῐ hḗpătĭ	ἡπᾰ́τοιῐ̈ν hēpắtoiĭ̈n	ἥπᾰσῐ / ἥπᾰσῐν / ἡπᾰ́τεσῐ / ἡπᾰ́τεσῐν / ἡπᾰ́τεσσῐ / ἡπᾰ́τεσσῐν hḗpăsĭ(n) / hēpắtesĭ(n) / hēpắtessĭ(n)
Accusative	ἧπᾰρ hêpăr	ἥπᾰτε hḗpăte	ἥπᾰτᾰ hḗpătă
Vocative	ἧπᾰρ hêpăr	ἥπᾰτε hḗpăte	ἥπᾰτᾰ hḗpătă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• ἧπατιον (hêpation)

Descendants

• English: hepato-, hepar
• Greek: ήπαρ (ípar)
• Latin: hēpar

Further reading

• “ἧπαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἧπαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἧπαρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἧπαρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἧπαρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἧπαρ in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007), Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • bosom idem, page 90.
  • breast idem, page 96.
  • heart idem, page 392.
  • liver idem, page 496.
  • reins idem, page 688.
  • soul idem, page 796.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN