散る

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
散
ち Grade: 4
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki, completed 712 CE.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ちる [chìrú] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA^(key): [t͡ɕiɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

散る (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana ちる, rōmaji chiru)

1. to become separated and scatter, such as leaves or blossoms
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 798)

     伊毛何美斯 阿布知乃波那波 知利奴倍斯 和何那久那美多 伊摩陀飛那久尓

     いもがみし あふちのはなは ちりぬべし わがなくなみた いまだひなくに

     imo ga mi shi afuchi no hana wa chirinu beshi wa ga naku namita ima da hi naku ni

Conjugation

Conjugation of "散る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	散ら	ちら	chira
Continuative (連用形)	散り	ちり	chiri
Terminal (終止形)	散る	ちる	chiru
Attributive (連体形)	散る	ちる	chiru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	散れ	ちれ	chire
Imperative (命令形)	散れ	ちれ	chire
Key constructions
Passive	散られる	ちられる	chirareru
Causative	散らせる 散らす	ちらせる ちらす	chiraseru chirasu
Potential	散れる	ちれる	chireru
Volitional	散ろう	ちろう	chirō
Negative	散らない	ちらない	chiranai
Negative continuative	散らず	ちらず	chirazu
Formal	散ります	ちります	chirimasu
Perfective	散った	ちった	chitta
Conjunctive	散って	ちって	chitte
Hypothetical conditional	散れば	ちれば	chireba

Synonyms

• (fall): 落 (お)ちる (ochiru)
• (fall): 落 (らっ)下 (か)する (rakka suru)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 散 (ち)り (chiri), 散 (ちり) (chiri): (construction) a misalignment between two adjoining surfaces
• 塵 (ちり) (chiri): dust; trash
• 散 (ち)らす (chirasu): to scatter or disperse something; to distract or divert attention
• 散 (ち)らし (chirashi): a flier, a handbill
• 散 (ち)らし寿 (ず)司 (し) (chirashizushi): chirashi sushi: sushi topped with various ingredients
• 砕 (くだ)け散 (ち)る (kudakechiru): to be smashed up, to break to pieces

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
散
あ Grade: 4
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki, completed 712 CE. Currently obsolete.

Cognate with 荒い (arai, “rough, harsh”), 荒れる (areru, “to become wild, rough, unkempt, dilapidated; to be violent, crazy, wild, disordered”).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [a̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Alternative forms

• 離る

Verb

散る (intransitive, hiragana ある, rōmaji aru)

1. (obsolete) to become scattered
2. (obsolete) to become distant, to fade away, to wane

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
散
あか Grade: 4
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Kagerō Nikki, dated 974 CE. Currently obsolete.

Plural counterpart to 分かる (wakaru, “one thing separates from another”), implying more a sense of scatter (as of many things). Intransitive counterpart to 散つ (akatsu, “to separate or scatter multiple things”), itself the plural counterpart to 分かつ (wakatsu, “to separate one thing from another”). Compare underlying root verbs aku (明く, 開く, 空く: "to open, to spread, to empty") and waku (分く, 別く: "to split, to divide").

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [a̠ka̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

散る (intransitive, hiragana あかる, rōmaji akaru)

1. (obsolete) to scatter, to become dispersed