散る
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
散 |
ち Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.[1] Appears in the Kojiki, completed 712 CE.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "散る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
散る | ちる | [chìrú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 散れ | ちれ | [chìré] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 散られる | ちられる | [chìrárérú] |
Causative | 散らせる | ちらせる | [chìrásérú] |
Potential | - | - | - |
Volitional | 散ろう | ちろー | [chìróꜜò] |
Negative | 散らない | ちらない | [chìránáí] |
Negative perfective | 散らなかった | ちらなかった | [chìránáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 散ります | ちります | [chìrímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 散った | ちった | [chìttá] |
Conjunctive | 散って | ちって | [chìtté] |
Hypothetical conditional | 散れば | ちれば | [chìréꜜbà] |
Verb
[edit]散る • (chiru) intransitive godan (stem 散り (chiri), past 散った (chitta))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 散らす |
mediopassive | 散る |
Conjugation
[edit]Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 散ら | ちら | chira |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 散り | ちり | chiri |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 散る | ちる | chiru |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 散る | ちる | chiru |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 散れ | ちれ | chire |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 散れ | ちれ | chire |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 散られる | ちられる | chirareru |
Causative | 散らせる 散らす |
ちらせる ちらす |
chiraseru chirasu |
Potential | 散れる | ちれる | chireru |
Volitional | 散ろう | ちろう | chirō |
Negative | 散らない | ちらない | chiranai |
Negative continuative | 散らず | ちらず | chirazu |
Formal | 散ります | ちります | chirimasu |
Perfective | 散った | ちった | chitta |
Conjunctive | 散って | ちって | chitte |
Hypothetical conditional | 散れば | ちれば | chireba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 散ら | ちら | tira |
Continuative (連用形) | 散り | ちり | tiri |
Terminal (終止形) | 散る | ちる | tiru |
Attributive (連体形) | 散る | ちる | tiru |
Realis (已然形) | 散れ | ちれ | tire |
Imperative (命令形) | 散れ | ちれ | tire |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 散らず | ちらず | tirazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 散れど | ちれど | tiredo |
Causal conjunction | 散れば | ちれば | tireba |
Conditional conjunction | 散らば | ちらば | tiraba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 散りき | ちりき | tiriki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 散りけり | ちりけり | tirikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 散りつ | ちりつ | tiritu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 散りぬ | ちりぬ | tirinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 散れり 散りたり |
ちれり ちりたり |
tireri tiritari |
Volitional | 散らむ | ちらむ | tiramu |
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 散り (chiri), 散 (chiri): (construction) a misalignment between two adjoining surfaces
- 塵 (chiri): dust; trash
- 散らす (chirasu): to scatter or disperse something; to distract or divert attention
- 散らし (chirashi): a flier, a handbill
- 散らし寿司 (chirashizushi): chirashi sushi: sushi topped with various ingredients
- 砕け散る (kudakechiru): to be smashed up, to break to pieces
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
散 |
あ Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
離る |
From Old Japanese.[1] Appears in the Kojiki, completed 712 CE. Currently obsolete.
Cognate with 荒い (arai, “rough, harsh”), 荒れる (areru, “to become wild, rough, unkempt, dilapidated; to be violent, crazy, wild, disordered”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]散る • (aru) intransitive †nidan
Conjugation
[edit]Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 散れ | あれ | are |
Continuative (連用形) | 散れ | あれ | are |
Terminal (終止形) | 散る | ある | aru |
Attributive (連体形) | 散るる | あるる | aruru |
Realis (已然形) | 散るれ | あるれ | arure |
Imperative (命令形) | 散れよ | あれよ | areyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 散れず | あれず | arezu |
Contrasting conjunction | 散るれど | あるれど | aruredo |
Causal conjunction | 散るれば | あるれば | arureba |
Conditional conjunction | 散れば | あれば | areba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 散れき | あれき | areki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 散れけり | あれけり | arekeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 散れつ | あれつ | aretu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 散れぬ | あれぬ | arenu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 散れたり | あれたり | aretari |
Volitional | 散れむ | あれむ | aremu |
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
散 |
あか Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
別る |
From Old Japanese.[1] Appears in the Kagerō Nikki, dated 974 CE. Currently obsolete.
Plural counterpart to 分かる (wakaru, “one thing separates from another”), implying more a sense of scatter (as of many things). Intransitive counterpart to 散つ (akatsu, “to separate or scatter multiple things”), itself the plural counterpart to 分かつ (wakatsu, “to separate one thing from another”). Compare underlying root verbs aku (明く, 開く, 空く: "to open, to spread, to empty") and waku (分く, 別く: "to split, to divide").
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]散る • (akaru) intransitive †nidan
Conjugation
[edit]Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 散れ | あかれ | akare |
Continuative (連用形) | 散れ | あかれ | akare |
Terminal (終止形) | 散る | あかる | akaru |
Attributive (連体形) | 散るる | あかるる | akaruru |
Realis (已然形) | 散るれ | あかるれ | akarure |
Imperative (命令形) | 散れよ | あかれよ | akareyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 散れず | あかれず | akarezu |
Contrasting conjunction | 散るれど | あかるれど | akaruredo |
Causal conjunction | 散るれば | あかるれば | akarureba |
Conditional conjunction | 散れば | あかれば | akareba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 散れき | あかれき | akareki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 散れけり | あかれけり | akarekeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 散れつ | あかれつ | akaretu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 散れぬ | あかれぬ | akarenu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 散れたり | あかれたり | akaretari |
Volitional | 散れむ | あかれむ | akaremu |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “ち・る 【散】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ “あか・る 【散・別】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
- Japanese terms spelled with 散 read as ち
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese type 1 verbs
- Japanese type 1 verbs that end in -iru or -eru
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Old Japanese terms with quotations
- Japanese terms spelled with 散 read as あ
- Japanese shimo nidan verbs
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 散 read as あか