塵

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See also: 尘
塵 U+5875, 塵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5875
← 塴
[U+5874] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 塶 →
[U+5876]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

塵 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈心土 (IPG), four-corner 00214, composition ⿸鹿土)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 236, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5388
  • Dae Jaweon: page 475, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 482, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5875

Chinese[edit]

trad. 塵
simp. 尘
alternative forms 𪋻
𡔚
𦧄
尘 ancient

Glyph origin[edit]

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 鹿 (“deer”) + 土 (“soil, dust”) – cloud of dust produced by a (group of) running deer. Ancient simplification of 𪋻, which pictures three deer on top instead of one.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-dul ~ r-tul (“dust”). Cognate with Tibetan རྡུལ (rdul, “dust, particle”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • thûn - vernacular;
  • tîn - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 塵
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
    Final (韻) 眞 (44)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 直珍切
    Baxter drin
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɖˠiɪn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɖᵚin/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȡien/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɖjin/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȡjĕn/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȡǐĕn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȡʱi̯ĕn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		chén
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		can4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 塵
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		chén
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ drin ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[d]rə[n]/
    English dust (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 塵
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 1397
    Phonetic
    component         		塵
    Rime
    group         		文
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		陳
    Old
    Chinese         		/*rdɯn/

    Definitions[edit]

    塵

    1. dust; dirt; ashes; cinders
      吸塵器／吸尘器  ―  xīchénqì  ―  vacuum cleaner
    2. to be streaked with dirt; to become stained
    3. trace; footprint
    4. (figurative) dirty thing
    5. (figurative) war; warfare
    6. (Buddhism) this world; mundane world; this mortal life
    7. (Buddhism) the number billionth (10–9)
    8. for a long time
    9. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 灰塵 (“dust”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 塵, 埃, 塵埃, 坌, 塕, 坱
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 灰塵, 灰土, 塵土, 塵埃
    Mandarin Beijing 塵土, 土, 灰
    Taiwan 灰塵, 塵埃, 塵土
    Tianjin 塵土
    Chengde 𡋯土
    Tangshan 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 塵
    Cangzhou 灰, 塵土, 土
    Baoding 堂土
    Shijiazhuang 塵土
    Chifeng 灰, 土
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 灰土, 灰, 塵土
    Heihe 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
    Qiqihar 灰塵, 灰土
    Harbin 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
    Jiamusi 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
    Baicheng 灰塵, 灰, 灰土, 塵搭灰
    Changchun 灰塵, 灰, 塵土
    Tonghua 灰, 土
    Shenyang 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
    Dandong 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
    Jinzhou 灰塵, 塵土, 𡋯土
    Dalian 灰, 塵
    Yantai 灰, 𡋯土
    Yantai (Muping) 灰
    Qingdao 灰, 𡋯土, 土
    Lijin 灰, 𡋯土
    Zhucheng 灰
    Jinan 𡋯土, 土, 灰
    Jining 𡋯土
    Luoyang 灰塵, 塵土
    Wanrong 土
    Shangqiu 灰塵, 灰, 塵土
    Yuanyang 灰塵, 灰, 塵土
    Zhengzhou 灰塵, 灰
    Lingbao 灰
    Xinyang 灰
    Baihe 灰, 塵土
    Hanzhong 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
    Xi'an 塵土, 土, 灰, 灰塵, 灰纖
    Baoji 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
    Yinchuan 灰塵, 塵灰, 灰
    Tianshui 灰, 𡋯土
    Lanzhou 灰, 灰土, 塵土, 土
    Dunhuang 灰塵, 塵土
    Xining 塵土, 灰塵
    Hami 灰塵
    Ürümqi 灰, 灰灰
    Wuhan 灰, 灰塵
    Yichang 灰塵, 灰
    Xiangyang 灰
    Tianmen 灰塵, 灰, 土
    Hong'an 灰塵, 灰
    Chengdu 灰塵, 灰, 灰灰
    Nanchong 灰塵, 灰, 灰灰
    Dazhou 灰塵
    Hanyuan 灰塵, 灰
    Xichang 灰塵, 灰, 灰灰
    Zigong 灰, 揚塵
    Chongqing 灰
    Guiyang 灰灰, 灰, 灰塵
    Zunyi 灰
    Bijie 灰塵, 灰灰
    Liping 灰
    Zhaotong 塵灰
    Dali 灰
    Kunming 塵灰, 灰, 土, 灰灰
    Mengzi 灰
    Guilin 灰塵
    Guilin (Lingui) 灰塵
    Liuzhou 灰塵, 灰, 塳塵
    Liuzhou (Luorong) 灰塵
    Nanning (Wuming) 灰塵, 煙塵
    Jishou 灰塵
    Changde 灰塵
    Anqing 堂灰, 屯灰, 灰
    Xuzhou 灰, 𡋯土, 土
    Fuyang 灰塵, 灰
    Wuhu 灰
    Yangzhou 灰塵, 灰
    Lianyungang 堂灰, 灰
    Lianshui 堂灰, 灰
    Nanjing 灰塵, 灰, 堂灰
    Hefei 灰
    Nantong 沙灰
    Singapore 灰塵, 塵土
    Dagudi (Maliba) 灰
    Reshuitang (Longling) 灰
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 灰
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 灰
    Cantonese Guangzhou 塵, 灰塵, 煙塵, 泥塵, 沙塵, 塳塵
    Hong Kong 塵, 灰塵, 灰, 塵埃, 沙塵
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 灰塵, 泥塵
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 灰塵, 煙塵
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 泥塵
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 泥塵
    Macau 灰塵
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 煙塵
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 灰塵
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 塵
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 灰塵
    Foshan 灰塵
    Foshan (Shunde) 灰塵
    Foshan (Sanshui) 灰塵
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 灰塵
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 灰塵
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 灰塵
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 灰塵
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 灰塵
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 灰塵
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 灰塵
    Taishan 灰塵
    Kaiping (Chikan) 灰塵
    Enping (Niujiang) 灰塵
    Heshan (Yayao) 灰塵
    Dongguan 灰塵
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 灰塵
    Qingyuan 灰塵
    Fogang 灰塵
    Yingde (Hanguang) 灰塵
    Yangshan 灰塵
    Lianshan (Butian) 灰塵
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 灰塵
    Shaoguan 灰塵
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 塵灰, 灰塵
    Renhua 塵灰
    Lechang 塵灰
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 灰塵
    Sihui 灰塵
    Guangning 灰塵
    Deqing 灰塵
    Huaiji 灰塵
    Fengkai (Nanfeng) 泥塵
    Yunfu 塳塵
    Xinxing 灰塵, 塵埃
    Luoding 灰塵
    Yunan (Pingtai) 灰塵
    Yangjiang 煙塵
    Xinyi 灰塵
    Lianjiang 灰塵, 煙塵
    Nanning 灰塵, 煙塵
    Wuzhou 灰塵, 煙塵
    Yulin 煙塵
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 灰塵, 煙塵
    Hepu (Shatian) 煙塵, 塵土, 灰塵
    Guiping 灰塵, 蚊塵
    Guiping (Mule) 蚊塵
    Pingnan 蚊塵
    Mengshan (Xihe) 塳塵
    Guigang (Gangcheng) 灰塵
    Guigang (Nanjiang) 灰塵
    Guigang (Pingdong) 灰塵
    Beiliu (Tangliao) 灰塵
    Baise 灰塵
    Bobai 灰塵
    Lingshan 灰塵
    Pubei 煙塵
    Qinzhou 灰塵
    Beihai 灰塵
    Beihai (Nankang) 泥塵
    Beihai (Yingpan) 煙塵
    Ningming 灰塵
    Hengzhou 蚊塵
    Danzhou 煙塵
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 塵灰, 灰塵
    Bangkok (Guangfu) 灰塵
    Gan Nanchang 灰
    Lichuan 灰
    Pingxiang 灰, 灰塵
    Hakka Meixian 塵灰, 泥塵
    Xingning 塵灰
    Dabu (Xihe) 灰塵
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 塵灰, 煙塵, 泥塵, 沙塵
    Huidong (Daling) 塵灰
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 泥塵
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 灰塵
    Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 灰塵, 泥塵
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 灰塵
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 灰塵
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 塵, 塵灰, 灰塵
    Wuhua (Changbu) 泥塵
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 塵灰
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 塵灰
    Wengyuan 塵灰
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 塵灰
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 塳
    Liannan 塵灰
    Conghua (Lütian) 塵灰
    Jiexi 塵灰
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 揚塵
    Changting 塵灰, 灰塵
    Yongding 塵灰
    Yongding (Xiayang) 塵灰
    Yongding (Gaobei) 灰塵
    Yongding (Hukeng) 灰塵
    Wuping 塵灰
    Wuping (Yanqian) 塵灰
    Wuping (Pingyu) 塵灰
    Liancheng 塵灰
    Liancheng (Peitian) 塵灰
    Liancheng (Juxi) 塵灰
    Liancheng (Zhongbao) 塵灰
    Liancheng (Laiyuan) 灰塵
    Ninghua 塵灰, 灰塵
    Qingliu 塵灰
    Yudu 灰
    Ningdu 塵灰
    Ruijin 塵灰
    Shicheng 塵灰
    Shangyou (Shexi) 塵灰
    Tonggu (Sandu) 塵灰
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 灰塵
    Dayu 灰塵
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 塵灰
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 塵灰
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 塵灰
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 塵灰, 塕塵
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 塵灰
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 泥粉
    Hong Kong 泥塵
    Yangxi (Tangkou) 煙塵
    Yangchun (Sanjia) 灰塵
    Xinyi (Sihe) 塳塵
    Xinyi (Qianpai) 塳塵
    Gaozhou (Xindong) 煙塵
    Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 泥塵, 灰塵
    Huazhou (Xin'an) 煙塵
    Lianjiang (Shijiao) 灰塵
    Lianjiang (Qingping) 塵煙
    Mengshan (Xihe) 塳塵
    Luchuan 泥煙
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 塵煙
    Beiliu (Tang'an) 灰塵
    Mashan (Pianlian) 灰塵
    Sabah (Longchuan) 塵灰, 泥塵
    Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 灰塵
    Senai (Huiyang) 灰塵
    Singkawang 塵灰
    Bangkok (Meixian) 塵灰
    Bangkok (Fengshun) 塵灰
    Bangkok (Jiexi) 塵灰, 泥粉
    Huizhou Jixi 灰
    Shexian 灰塵, 灰
    Jin Taiyuan 塵土, 土
    Yangyuan 灰, 塵土
    Datong 灰塵, 塵土
    Xinzhou 塵土, 灰塵
    Lishi 灰塵, 塵土
    Linfen 塵土
    Changzhi 塵灰, 灰
    Linhe 灰塵, 灰, 土
    Jining 灰塵
    Hohhot 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
    Erenhot 灰塵
    Pingshan 塵土, 土
    Zhangjiakou 灰土, 灰
    Handan 灰塵
    Linzhou 灰塵, 灰
    Suide 灰塵, 灰, 土
    Min Bei Jian'ou 灰塵, 塵灰
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 塵
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 塵, 煙腸苦
    Pucheng (Shibei) 灰塵
    Min Dong Fuzhou 塕塵, 塗粉
    Changle 塕塵
    Fuqing 塕塵
    Yongtai 塗粉
    Gutian 塕塵
    Fu'an 煙霧
    Ningde 塕塵
    Shouning 塗粉
    Zhouning 塕塵
    Fuding 塕埃
    Matsu 塕塵
    Min Nan Xiamen 塗粉, 塕埃, 風飛沙
    Quanzhou 塗粉
    Jinjiang 塗粉
    Yongchun 塗粉
    Zhangzhou 塗粉
    Zhangzhou (Changtai) 塗粉
    Pinghe 塗粉
    Zhangpu 塗粉
    Zhao'an 塗粉
    Taipei (Wanhua) 塗沙粉
    New Taipei (Tamsui) 塗沙粉仔
    Kaohsiung 塗沙粉
    Kaohsiung (Cijin) 塗沙粉仔
    Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 塗粉仔
    Yilan 風飛沙
    Yilan (Toucheng) 塗粉
    Changhua (Lukang) 沙粉
    Taichung 塗沙
    Taichung (Wuqi) 風飛沙
    Tainan 塗粉, 塗沙粉, 塕埃, 風飛沙
    Tainan (Anping) 塗粉
    Taitung 風飛沙
    Hsinchu 風飛沙
    Penghu (Magong) 塗沙粉
    Penghu (Xiyu) 塗沙粉
    Penang (Hokkien) 塗粉
    Singapore (Hokkien) 塗粉
    Zhangping 塕埃
    Zhangping (Yongfu) 灰, 塗粉, 塕埃
    Datian 塗粉, 塕塵
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 灰
    Chaozhou 塗粉, 塕塵
    Shantou 塵, 塕塵, 灰塵
    Jieyang 塗粉, 塕塵
    Bangkok (Teochew) 塕塵
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 塕塵
    Leizhou 塕塵, 塗沙粉
    Wenchang 塗灰
    Haikou 塗灰
    Puxian Min Putian 塗粉, 塕塵
    Xianyou 煙塵
    Min Zhong Yong'an 塕塵
    Sanyuan 塕塵
    Shaxian 塕塵
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 煙塵
    Sanxiang 塕塵, 煙塵, 灰塵
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 坌塵, 煙塵, 灰塵
    Binyang (Xinqiao) 蚊塵
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 灰塵
    Guilin (Chaoyang) 灰塵
    Guilin (Zhuyuan) 灰塵
    Lingchuan (Tanxia) 灰塵
    Shehua Fu'an 煙霧
    Fuding 泥粉
    Luoyuan 煙塵
    Sanming 擸𢶍
    Shunchang 擸𢶍粉
    Guixi (Zhangping) 灰塵
    Cangnan 泥粉
    Jingning 火煤塵
    Lishui 火灰粉
    Longyou 灰粉
    Chaozhou 煙塵
    Fengshun 塕塵
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 灰
    Wu Shanghai 灰塵, 塳塵
    Shanghai (Chongming) 灰塵, 塳塵
    Suzhou 灰塵, 塳塵
    Danyang 灰塵, 灰
    Hangzhou 灰塵, 塳塵
    Ningbo 塳塵, 塳灰, 灰塵
    Wenzhou 坌塵, 坌塕, 塳塵
    Jinhua 塕, 塳塵
    Xiang Changsha 灰
    Loudi 灰, 灰塵
    Shuangfeng 灰
    Quanzhou 灰塵

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    塵

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    塵
    ごみ
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 塵 – see the following entry.
    【ゴミ】
    [noun] trash, rubbish, garbage
    Alternative spellings
    芥, ごみ
    (This term, 塵, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    塵
    ちり
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi

    Noun[edit]

    塵(ちり) • (chiri) 

    1. dust
      塵(ちり)は塵(ちり)に、灰(はい)は灰(はい)に
      chiri wa chiri ni, hai wa hai ni
      dust to dust, ashes to ashes
      • 2005 November 9, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)ファイナル”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン), volume 9, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
        ガンザックオープン‼ナックルガードセット‼錬(れん)金(きん)の魔(ま)人(じん)よ　塵(ちり)と帰(かえ)れ‼
        Gan Zakku Ōpun‼ Nakkuru Gādo Setto‼ Renkin no majin yo chiri to kaere‼
        Gun Jacks, open! Knuckle Guards, set! Alchemy devil, return to the dust where you belong!!

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    塵
    じん
    Hyōgaiji
    goon

    From Middle Chinese 塵 (MC drin). First attested in a Buddhist text from the 600s.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    塵(じん) • (jin) ←ぢん (din)?

    1. [from 600s] (Buddhism) impurity
    2. one billionth

    References[edit]

    1. ^ “塵”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
    2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    塵 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    塵: Hán Nôm readings: trần, chần

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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