鹿
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
鹿 (Kangxi radical 198, 鹿+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈X心 (IXP), four-corner 00211, composition ⿸⿸广⿻コ⿰丨丨比)
- Kangxi radical #198, ⿅.
Derived characters[edit]
- Appendix:Chinese radical/鹿
- 𬿚, 𭊛, 塶, 㜙, 𡼂, 㦇, 摝, 漉, 𤡊, 𣊈, 樚, 𣩏, 𪵡, 熝, 𤨞, 膔, 𥛞, 𥉶, 䃙, 𮃨, 䌒, 𦗓, 𦪇, 螰, 𧽥, 蹗, 轆(辘), 𨢷, 鏕, 𩌫, 騼(𫠋), 𩪉, 𩺮, 𪒏, 𪛓
- 鄜, 𢿇, 㼾, 𥀔, 𩔴, 塵, 𭗎, 𦄐, 𧐠, 鏖, 𩞇, 𧜫, 𪩏, 蔍, 䍡, 𦌏, 簏, 𩅄, 廘
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1508, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47586
- Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4727, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9E7F
Chinese[edit]
| trad. | 鹿 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 鹿 | |
| alternative forms | 𢉖 𮭱 | |
,_Woburn_Deer_Park_(22540801604).jpg)
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 鹿 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) – a deer. Current form is highly abstracted – legs have transformed to 比 – note grouping of front and rear legs, which are bent – head has transformed to middle component (similar to 凸/曲), while antlers on top and extended lip/mouth on left transformed into 广. This transformation occurred during seal characters.
Contrast the very different development of 馬 (“horse”), and the transformation in 廌 (as in 薦), which has the head of 鹿 but the legs of 馬 (灬).
Etymology[edit]
Uncertain, though possibly Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Northern Naga *gjuk "deer, sambar", from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-rjuk (French, 1983); Also according to French, Benedict relates the Tibeto-Burman item to Western Gurung [script needed] (gju, “sheep”), yet the Gurung item has an alternative explanation (compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“sheep”)). Sagart (1999) relates 角 (OC *kroːɡ, “horn”) to 鹿 (OC *b·roːɡ, “deer”).
Note also Nung klook (“deer”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
鹿
- deer (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn; 頭／头 m)
- 林有樸樕，野有死鹿。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Lín yǒu pǔsù, yě yǒu sǐ lù. [Pinyin]
- In the forest there are the scrubby oaks; in the wild there is a dead deer.
林有朴樕，野有死鹿。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary or in compounds, figuratively) political power
- a surname
Synonyms[edit]
- (deer):
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- “Entry #8111”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: ろく (roku)
- Kan-on: ろく (roku)
- Kun: か (ka, 鹿, Jōyō †); しか (shika, 鹿, Jōyō); かせぎ (kasegi, 鹿); かのしし (kanoshishi, 鹿); しし (shishi, 鹿)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鹿 |
| か Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 鹿沼 (Kanuma): Kanuma, Tochigi
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鹿 |
| しか Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
/seka/ → /sika/
Originally a compound of 夫 (se, “male”) + 鹿 (ka, “deer”), in contrast to 女鹿 (meka, “female deer”, archaic).[1][2]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Tokyo) しか [sh
ìká] (Heiban – [0])[2][3] - (Tokyo) しか [sh
ìkáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2][3] - IPA(key): [ɕi̥ka̠]
Audio (file)
Noun[edit]
- deer
- 奈良公園には鹿しかいない。
- Nara kōen ni wa shika shika inai.
- There is nothing but deer in Nara Park.
- 奈良公園には鹿しかいない。
Idioms[edit]
- 鹿を逐う者は山を見ず (shika o ou mono wa yama o mizu): “someone chasing a deer doesn't see the mountain” → a metaphor for how someone who is fixed on a target can be oblivious to the challenges in the way
Descendants[edit]
- ⇒ English: sika deer
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鹿 |
| かせぎ Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
From the resemblance to a 桛木 (kasegi, “cross-shaped spindle; a branching point in a tree”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (archaic) deer
- 1212: Hōjōki
- 山鳥のほろと鳴くを聞きても、父か母かと疑ひ、峰のかせぎの近くなれたるにつけても、世に遠ざかるほどを知る。
- Yamadori no horo to naku o kikite mo, chichi ka haha ka to utagahi, mine no kasegi no chikaku naretaru ni tsukete mo, yo ni tōzakaru hodo oshiru.
- Hearing the horo call of the mountain pheasant, wondering if it were my father or mother [calling from beyond the grave], and seeing how the deer on the ridge are so tame that they come close by, all of it shows me how far away I am from the world.
- 山鳥のほろと鳴くを聞きても、父か母かと疑ひ、峰のかせぎの近くなれたるにつけても、世に遠ざかるほどを知る。
- 1212: Hōjōki
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鹿 |
| かのしし Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
Originally a compound of 鹿 (ka, “deer”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 肉 (しし, “meat, flesh”).[1][2]
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
鹿 • (kanoshishi)
Etymology 5[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鹿 |
| しし Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[4] From Proto-Japonic *sisi. Cognate with 肉 (shishi, “meat of a beast”).[4]
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (archaic) a beast (used for its meat, such as a boar or a deer)
- short for 猪武者 (inoshishi musha): a reckless warrior
- short for 鹿狩り (shishi-gari): a deer hunter
- (slang) a female attendant at a bathhouse or hot spring
- (slang, archaic) a female prostitute at a bathhouse or hot spring
Usage notes[edit]
The beast sense is more commonly spelled 獣.
Etymology 6[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鹿 |
| ろく Grade: 4 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 鹿 (luwk, “deer”). Compare modern Min Nan reading lo̍k.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 “獣・猪・鹿”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- Ichiko, Teiji (1212) Hōjōki (Shintei), Iwanami Shoten, published 1989, →ISBN
- Nishio, Minoru (1957) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Hōjōki, Tsurezuregusa, Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 鹿 (MC luk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 록〮 (lwók) (Yale: lwok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja[edit]
鹿 (eumhun 사슴 록 (saseum rok), South Korea 사슴 녹 (saseum nok))
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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