鹿

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鹿 U+9E7F, 鹿
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E7F

[U+9E7E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9E80]
U+2FC5, ⿅
KANGXI RADICAL DEER

[U+2FC4]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FC6]
U+F940, 鹿
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F940
錄
[U+F93F]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F941]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

鹿 (Kangxi radical 198, 鹿+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈難心 (IXP), four-corner 00211, composition ⿸⿸广)

  1. Kangxi radical #198, .

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1508, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47586
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4727, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9E7F

Chinese[edit]

trad. 鹿
simp. # 鹿
alternative forms 𢉖
𮭱
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • Lĕ̤k (Eastern Min)
  • 鹿 (Classical)
  • 鹿 (Cantonese)
  • 鹿 (Written Standard Chinese?)
鹿

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 鹿
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – a deer. Current form is highly abstracted – legs have transformed to – note grouping of front and rear legs, which are bent – head has transformed to middle component (similar to /), while antlers on top and extended lip/mouth on left transformed into 广. This transformation occurred during seal characters.

Contrast the very different development of (“horse”), and the transformation in (as in ), which has the head of 鹿 but the legs of ().

Etymology[edit]

Uncertain, though possibly Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Northern Naga *gjuk "deer, sambar", from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-rjuk (French, 1983); Also according to French, Benedict relates the Tibeto-Burman item to Western Gurung [script needed] (gju, sheep), yet the Gurung item has an alternative explanation (compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (sheep)). Sagart (1999) relates this to (OC *kroːɡ, “horn”). Baxter & Sagart (2014; 2020) compares this to Langjia Buyang /ma⁰ lɔk⁸/.

Note also Nùng klook (deer).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • lĕ̤k - vernacular;
  • lṳ̆k - literary.
  • Southern Min
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 鹿
    Mandarin Beijing /lu⁵¹/
    Harbin /lu⁵³/
    Tianjin /lu⁵³/
    Jinan /lu²¹/
    Qingdao /lu²⁴/
    Zhengzhou /lu²⁴/
    Xi'an /lu²¹/
    Xining /lv̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /lu¹³/
    Lanzhou /lu¹³/
    Ürümqi /lu²¹³/
    Wuhan /nəu²¹³/
    Chengdu /nu³¹/
    Guiyang /nu²¹/
    Kunming /lu³¹/
    Nanjing /luʔ⁵/
    Hefei /luəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /luəʔ²/
    Pingyao /luʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /luəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /loʔ¹/
    Suzhou /loʔ³/
    Hangzhou /loʔ²/
    Wenzhou /lɤu²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /lu²²/
    Tunxi /ləu¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ləu²⁴/
    Xiangtan /nəɯ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /luʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /luk̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /luk̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /lok̚²/
    Nanning /luk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /luk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lɔk̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /løyʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /lu⁴²/
    Shantou (Teochew) /tek̚⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /lok̚⁵/
    /ʔdiak̚³/

    Rime
    Character 鹿
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (37)
    Final () (3)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter luwk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /luk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /luk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /luk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ləwk̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /luk̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /luk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /luk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    luk6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 鹿
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ luwk ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*mə-rˁok/
    English deer

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 鹿
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8565
    Phonetic
    component
    鹿
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*b·roːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    鹿

    1. deer (Classifier: m c mn;  m)
    2. (literary or in compounds, figurative) political power
      鹿死誰手鹿死谁手  ―  sǐshéishǒu  ―  who will gain supremacy?
    3. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (deer):

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    鹿

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. deer

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    鹿
    しか
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    /seka//sika/

    From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of (se, male) +‎ 鹿 (ka, deer), in contrast to 女鹿 (meka, female deer, archaic).[1][2]

    First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    鹿(しか) or 鹿(シカ) (shika (counter )

    1. deer
      ()()(こう)(えん)には鹿(しか)しかいない。
      Nara kōen ni wa shika shika inai.
      There is nothing but deer in Nara Park.
    Usage notes[edit]
    • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as シカ.
    Idioms[edit]
    Descendants[edit]
    • English: sika deer

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    鹿

    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    鹿() (ka

    1. (archaic) deer
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    鹿
    かせぎ
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. From the resemblance to a 桛木 (kasegi, cross-shaped spindle; a branching point in a tree).

    First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    鹿(かせぎ) (kasegi

    1. (archaic) deer
      • 1212: Hōjōki
        山鳥(やまどり)のほろと()くを()きても、(ちち)(はは)かと(うたが)ひ、(みね)かせぎ(ちか)くなれたるにつけても、()(とお)ざかるほどを()る。
        Yamadori no horo to naku o kikite mo, chichi ka haha ka to utagahi, mine no kasegi no chikaku naretaru ni tsukete mo, yo ni tōzakaru hodo oshiru.
        Hearing the horo call of the mountain pheasant, wondering if it were my father or mother [calling from beyond the grave], and seeing how the deer on the ridge are so tame that they come close by, all of it shows me how far away I am from the world.

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    鹿
    かのしし
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings
    鹿の肉
    鹿肉

    From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 鹿 (ka, deer) +‎ (possessive particle) +‎ (shishi, meat, flesh).[5][2]

    First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[5]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    鹿(かのしし) (kanoshishi

    1. (archaic) deer
    2. deer meat: venison

    Etymology 5[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    鹿
    しし
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *sisi. Cognate with (shishi, meat of a beast).[6]

    First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[6]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    鹿(しし) (shishi

    1. (archaic) a beast (used for its meat, such as a boar or a deer)
    2. Short for 猪武者 (inoshishi musha): a reckless warrior
    3. Short for 鹿狩り (shishi-gari): a deer hunter
    4. (slang) a female attendant at a bathhouse or hot spring
    5. (slang, archaic) a female prostitute at a bathhouse or hot spring
    Usage notes[edit]
    • The beast sense is more commonly spelled .

    Etymology 6[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    鹿
    ろく
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 鹿 (MC luwk). Compare modern Min Nan reading lo̍k.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    鹿(ろく) (roku

    1. deer
    2. venison or wild boar meat

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 鹿”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
    2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
    4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    5. 5.0 5.1 鹿・鹿肉”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
    6. 6.0 6.1 獣・猪・鹿”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[3] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 鹿 (MC luwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 록〮 (lwók) (Yale: lwok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    鹿 (eumhun 사슴 (saseum rok), South Korea 사슴 (saseum nok))

    1. Hanja form? of / (deer).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    鹿: Hán Nôm readings: lộc,

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