凔

凔 U+51D4, 凔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51D4 ← 凓 [U+51D3] CJK Unified Ideographs 凕 → [U+51D5]

Translingual

Han character

凔 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+10, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 戈一人戈口 (IMOIR), four-corner 3816₇, composition ⿰冫倉)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 133, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1688
• Dae Jaweon: page 297, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 300, character 7
• Unihan data for U+51D4

Chinese

trad.		凔
simp.		𰃷
alternative forms		滄／沧 𠖸 ancient

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 凔
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (倉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
艙	*sʰaːŋ
倉	*sʰaːŋ
蒼	*sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ
滄	*sʰaːŋ, *sʰraŋs
傖	*sʰaːŋ, *zraːŋ
鶬	*sʰaːŋ
凔	*sʰaːŋ
槍	*sʰaŋ, *sʰraːŋ
搶	*sʰaŋ, *sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ
蹌	*sʰaŋ
瑲	*sʰaŋ
牄	*sʰaŋ
嗆	*sʰaŋs
創	*sʰraŋ, *sʰraŋs
瘡	*sʰraŋ
愴	*sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs
鎗	*sʰraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰaːŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).

Etymology

Probably from 涼 (OC *ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs, “cold”). Also note similarities to Burmese ဆောင်း (hcaung:, “winter”).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cāng, chuàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄤ, ㄔㄨㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cong¹ / cong³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cang
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻang¹
    • Yale: tsāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsang
    • Palladius: цан (can)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chuàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chuàng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻuang⁴
    • Yale: chwàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuanq
    • Palladius: чуан (čuan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cong¹ / cong³
    • Yale: chōng / chong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsong¹ / tsong³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cong¹ / cong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰɔːŋ³³/

Note: cong³ - variant.

---

• Middle Chinese: tshang

Rime
Character	凔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	七岡切
Baxter	tshang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰaŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cong1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cāng
Middle Chinese	‹ tshang ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁaŋ/
English	cold
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凔
Reading #	1/1
No.	1130
Phonetic component	倉
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	倉
Old Chinese	/*sʰaːŋ/

Definitions

凔

1. (literary, obsolete) cold, chilly

   • 天地之間有凔熱，用其道者終無竭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     天地之间有𰃷热，用其道者终无竭。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Lost Book of Zhou, circa 4^th – 1^st centuries BCE

     Tiāndì zhījiān yǒu cāng rè, yòng qí dào zhě zhōng wú jié. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 疾養、凔熱、滑鈹、輕重以形體異。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     疾养、𰃷热、滑铍、轻重以形体异。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Jí yǎng, cāng rè, huá pí, qīngzhòng yǐ xíngtǐ yì. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

• “凔”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “凔”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00213
• National Languages Promotion Committee, editor (1999), 《國語一字多音審訂表》 [Guóyǔ Yī Zì Duō Yīn Shěndìng Biǎo]‎^[2] (in Chinese), Taipei: Ministry of Education, →ISBN, page 14

Japanese

Kanji

凔

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): そう (sō)、しょう (shō)
• Kun: さむい (samui)、ひややかなさま (hiyayakanasama)

Korean

Hanja

凔 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.