rau

See also: Appendix:Variations of "rau"

Translingual

Symbol

rau

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Raute.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Raute terms

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈraw]

Verb

rau

1. inflection of raure:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

• ri

Etymology

From Latin reus. Compare Italian rio, Romanian rău.

Adjective

rau (feminine raja)

1. bad

Fijian

Pronoun

rau

1. they two, those two

See also

Fijian personal pronouns

				singular	dual	paucal	plural
1st person				au	keirau (exclusive) kedaru (inclusive)	keitou (exclusive) kedatou (inclusive)	keimami (exclusive) keda (inclusive)
2nd person				iko	kemudrau	kemudou	kemuni
3rd person				koya	rau	iratou	ira

German

Alternative forms

• rauh (superseded)

Etymology

From Middle High German rūch, from Old High German rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz. Though etymologically justified, the silent h was abolished in 1996 because rauh was the only word in which it was used after the diphthong -au-. Cognate with Dutch ruig and ruw, English rough (which see).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁaʊ̯/

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Adjective

rau (strong nominative masculine singular rauer, comparative rauer, superlative am rauesten or am rausten)

1. rough
   • 2010, Der Spiegel‎^[1], number 26/2010, page 125:

     Tiere, die in rauem Klima leben, sind oft klüger als ihre Artgenossen aus gemäßigten Breiten, das legen verschiedene Studien nahe.

     Several studies suggest that animals which live in rough climates are often smarter than members of the same species from moderate latitudes.

Usage notes

• The spelling rau has been the prescribed spelling since the German spelling reform of 1996 (the Rechtschreibreform). In the affected areas, the previous spelling (rauh) is now less common, and may be regarded as a misspelling.

Declension

Positive forms of rau

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist rau	sie ist rau	es ist rau	sie sind rau
strong declension (without article)	nominative	rauer	raue	raues	raue
	genitive	rauen	rauer	rauen	rauer
	dative	rauem	rauer	rauem	rauen
	accusative	rauen	raue	raues	raue
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der raue	die raue	das raue	die rauen
	genitive	des rauen	der rauen	des rauen	der rauen
	dative	dem rauen	der rauen	dem rauen	den rauen
	accusative	den rauen	die raue	das raue	die rauen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein rauer	eine raue	ein raues	(keine) rauen
	genitive	eines rauen	einer rauen	eines rauen	(keiner) rauen
	dative	einem rauen	einer rauen	einem rauen	(keinen) rauen
	accusative	einen rauen	eine raue	ein raues	(keine) rauen

Comparative forms of rau

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist rauer	sie ist rauer	es ist rauer	sie sind rauer
strong declension (without article)	nominative	rauerer	rauere	raueres	rauere
	genitive	raueren	rauerer	raueren	rauerer
	dative	rauerem	rauerer	rauerem	raueren
	accusative	raueren	rauere	raueres	rauere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der rauere	die rauere	das rauere	die raueren
	genitive	des raueren	der raueren	des raueren	der raueren
	dative	dem raueren	der raueren	dem raueren	den raueren
	accusative	den raueren	die rauere	das rauere	die raueren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein rauerer	eine rauere	ein raueres	(keine) raueren
	genitive	eines raueren	einer raueren	eines raueren	(keiner) raueren
	dative	einem raueren	einer raueren	einem raueren	(keinen) raueren
	accusative	einen raueren	eine rauere	ein raueres	(keine) raueren

Superlative forms of rau

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist am rauesten er ist am rausten	sie ist am rauesten sie ist am rausten	es ist am rauesten es ist am rausten	sie sind am rauesten sie sind am rausten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	rauester rauster	raueste rauste	rauestes raustes	raueste rauste
	genitive	rauesten rausten	rauester rauster	rauesten rausten	rauester rauster
	dative	rauestem raustem	rauester rauster	rauestem raustem	rauesten rausten
	accusative	rauesten rausten	raueste rauste	rauestes raustes	raueste rauste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der raueste der rauste	die raueste die rauste	das raueste das rauste	die rauesten die rausten
	genitive	des rauesten des rausten	der rauesten der rausten	des rauesten des rausten	der rauesten der rausten
	dative	dem rauesten dem rausten	der rauesten der rausten	dem rauesten dem rausten	den rauesten den rausten
	accusative	den rauesten den rausten	die raueste die rauste	das raueste das rauste	die rauesten die rausten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein rauester ein rauster	eine raueste eine rauste	ein rauestes ein raustes	(keine) rauesten (keine) rausten
	genitive	eines rauesten eines rausten	einer rauesten einer rausten	eines rauesten eines rausten	(keiner) rauesten (keiner) rausten
	dative	einem rauesten einem rausten	einer rauesten einer rausten	einem rauesten einem rausten	(keinen) rauesten (keinen) rausten
	accusative	einen rauesten einen rausten	eine raueste eine rauste	ein rauestes ein raustes	(keine) rauesten (keine) rausten

Derived terms

• anrauen
• aufrauen
• Raubein
• Rauheit

Further reading

• “rau” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “rau” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “rau” in Duden online

Hunsrik

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈraʊ̯/
• Rhymes: -aʊ̯
• Syllabification: rau

Adjective

rau

1. rough

Derived terms

• Rauheet, Rauheit

Further reading

• Boll, Piter Kehoma (2021), “rau”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português, 3rd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 130

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Middle High German rūhe, from Old High German rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz. Cognate with German rau, Dutch ruig, English rough, West Frisian rûch.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ræu̯/, [ʀæˑʊ̯]

Adjective

rau (masculine rauen, neuter raut, comparative méi rau, superlative am rausten)

1. rough

   D'Schuel vun dësem Bam ass ganz rau. ― The bark of this tree is very rough.

2. raw, harsh

   D'Antarktis huet e raue Klima. ― Antarctica has a harsh climate.

3. hoarse, husky

   Si huet eng rau Stëmm. ― She has a husky voice.

4. boorish, uncouth, rough

   Wat e raue Mann! ― What a boorish man!

Declension

Declension of rau

		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		hien ass rau	si ass rau	et ass rau	si si(nn) rau
nominative / accusative	attributive and/or after determiner	rauen	rau	raut	rau
	independent without determiner			raues	rauer
dative	after any declined word	rauen	rauer	rauen	rauen
	as first declined word	rauem		rauem

References

• rau in the Lëtzebuerger Online Dictionnaire

Maori

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Eastern Polynesian *lau, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *lau, from Proto-Polynesian *rau, from Proto-Central Pacific *rau, from Proto-Oceanic *raun, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *raun, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *daun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun (“leaf”) (compare with Malay daun, Tagalog dahon).

Sense of paper may have been from improvising leaves of the korari (Phormium tenax) as writing media.

Noun

rau

1. leaf
2. sheet of paper

   Synonym: pepa

3. page of a book

Derived terms

• raurau

Related terms

• pukapuka

Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀatus, from Proto-Austronesian *ɣatus (“hundred”) (compare Malay ratus).

Numeral

rau

1. hundred

References

• “rau” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.
• Tregear, Edward (1891), Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary, Wellington, New Zealand: Lyon and Blair, page 401

Middle English

Adjective

rau

1. alternative form of raw

Mizo

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *raaw.

Noun

rau

1. some kind of malignant spirit

Further reading

• Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940), “rau”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society

Mo

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.

Noun

rau

1. leaf

References

• George W. Grace, Notes on the phonological history of the Austronesian languages of the Sarmi Coast, in Oceanic Linguistics (1971, 10:11-37)

Mori Bawah

Verb

rau

1. (stative) to be over there, somewhere remote but at the same elevation as the speaker and hearer

References

• The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar (2013, →ISBN, page 695-6

Rapa Nui

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *rau, from Proto-Oceanic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.

Noun

rau

1. leaf

Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀatus, Proto-Austronesian *ɣatus. (compare Malay ratus, Maori rau)

Numeral

rau

1. hundred

Synonyms

• ho'e hanere
• e-tahi te rau

Sobei

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.

Noun

rau

1. leaf

References

• George W. Grace, Notes on the phonological history of the Austronesian languages of the Sarmi Coast, in Oceanic Linguistics (1971, 10:11-37)

Tahitian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Eastern Polynesian *lau, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *lau, from Proto-Polynesian *rau, from Proto-Central Pacific *rau, from Proto-Oceanic *raun, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *raun, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *daun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun (“leaf”) (compare with Malay daun, Tagalog dahon).

Noun

rau

1. leaf

Ternate

Etymology

Likely from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun; compare Malay daun, Sobei rau. Furthermore, Holton and Klamer reconstruct Proto-North Halmahera *soka (“leaf”), which this does not continue.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɾa.u]

Noun

rau (Jawi راوو)

1. leaf

Alternative forms

• rawu

References

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890), Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Vietnamese

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *-raw.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [zaw˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʐaw˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ɹa(ː)w˧˧]

Noun

rau • (蔞, 婁)

1. leafy greens, leaf vegetable

Derived terms

• chăn rau
• đói ăn rau, đau uống thuốc
• rau cải
• rau càng cua
• rau cỏ
• rau củ
• rau củ quả
• rau diếp
• rau ghém
• rau giá
• rau giấp cá
• rau lang
• rau má
• rau mầm
• rau mùi
• rau muối
• rau muống
• rau ngót
• rau nhút
• rau răm
• rau sam
• rau thơm

White Hmong

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʈau̯˧/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *kruk (“six”), of Sino-Tibetan origin. Cognate with Iu Mien juqv.

White Hmong cardinal numbers

<  5	6	7  >
Cardinal : rau

Numeral

rau

1. six

Etymology 2

From Proto-Hmong *tru̯eiᶜ (“hoof, claw, nail”), probably borrowed from Middle Chinese 蹢 (MC drjek|tek, “hoof”).

Noun

rau (classifier: tus)

1. nail, hoof, claw

Derived terms

• rau taw (“toenail”)
• rau tes (“fingernail”)

Etymology 3

From Proto-Hmong *trɔᶜ (“to put on, wear (shoes)”), probably borrowed from Old Chinese 著 (OC *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ, “to put on, wear, place, apply”).

Verb

rau

1. to place, to put

   Rau qhov no. ― Put it here.

   Yuav muab rau qhov twg? ― Where shall I put it?

   Muab rau rau hauv. ― Put it inside.

2. to put on or wear (shoes, etc.), to put in place

   Kuv rau khau. ― I put on shoes.

   Nws rau tshuaj. ― He applies medicine.

3. to season, to add ingredients

   Nws rau txuj lom rau cov nqaij. ― She adds ingredients to the meat.

Derived terms

• rau siab (“to apply oneself, persevere”)

Etymology 4

Preposition

rau

1. toward, to, in, on, at

   Pub rau kuv. ― Give it to me.

   Kuv hais rau koj. ― I speak to you.

   Muab cov nqaij tso rau hauv tub yees. ― Put the meat in the freezer.

   Muab phau ntawv cia rau saum rooj. ― Put the book on the table.

   Nws taw rau daim paib. ― He points at the sign.

References

• Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979), White Hmong — English Dictionary‎^[2], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 275.