ruch

See also: Ruch and rûch

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech ruch, from Proto-Slavic *rȗxъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrux]
• Hyphenation: ruch

Noun

ruch m inan

1. movement, especially brisk, quick movement of many people
2. traffic
3. Onomatopoeia for a striking or cracking sound; bang

Declension

Declension of ruch (velar masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	ruch	ruchy
genitive	ruchu	ruchů
dative	ruchu	ruchům
accusative	ruch	ruchy
vocative	ruchu	ruchy
locative	ruchu	ruších
instrumental	ruchem	ruchy

Further reading

• “ruch”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “ruch”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “ruch”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Kashubian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrux/
• Rhymes: -ux
• Syllabification: ruch

Noun

ruch m inan

1. Alternative form of rëch.

Declension

Declension of ruch

	singular	plural
nominative	ruch	ruchë
genitive	ruchù	ruchów
dative	ruchòwi	ruchóm
accusative	ruch	ruchë
instrumental	ruchã	ruchama
locative	ruchù	ruchach
vocative	ruch/ruchù	ruchë

Further reading

• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “ruch”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[1]

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rȗxъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈrux/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈrux/

Noun

ruch m inan

1. movement (physical motion between points in space)

Declension

Declension of ruch (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ruch	ruchy	ruši, ruchové
genitive	rucha, ruchu	ruchú	ruchóv
dative	ruchu	ruchoma	ruchóm
accusative	ruch	ruchy	ruchy
vocative	ruše	ruchy	ruši, ruchové
locative	rušě, ruchu	ruchú	rušiech
instrumental	ruchem	ruchoma	ruchy

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

• Czech: ruch

References

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “ruch”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Plautdietsch

Adjective

ruch

1. rough, uneven
2. gruff, harsh

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rȗxъ. First attested in 1579.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈrux/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈrux/
• (Masovia):
  • (Far Masovian) IPA^(key): /ˈrux/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ux
• Syllabification: ruch

Noun

ruch m inan

1. movement (physical motion between points in space)

   Synonym: przemieszczanie się

2. movement (movement of the whole body or any part of it, intentionally or involuntarily)
3. movement, exercise (physical activity, the purpose of which is to keep the body in the best condition)
4. traffic (moving pedestrians or vehicles, or the flux or passage thereof)
5. movement, action, bustle, liveliness (situation characterized by the fact that in a place there are many people who move and perform various activities at the same time)
6. movement (a trend in various fields or social categories, a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals)
7. (games) move (turn, act of taking action in a game)

   Synonym: posunięcie

8. act (deliberate action by a person to achieve an intended goal)
9. (literary) change, shift (exchange of someone or something for someone or something else)
10. (mining) coal mine that has been merged with another and incorporated into a larger mining enterprise, but retains relative independence as part of that enterprise's structure (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)
11. (military) maneuver (large training exercise of military troops)

    Synonym: manewr

12. (obsolete or dialectal, Far Masovian) tin button with an eyelet
13. (obsolete or dialectal, Far Masovian) taciturn person

Declension

Declension of ruch

	singular	plural
nominative	ruch	ruchy
genitive	ruchu	ruchów
dative	ruchowi	ruchom
accusative	ruch	ruchy
instrumental	ruchem	ruchami
locative	ruchu	ruchach
vocative	ruchu	ruchy

Derived terms

nouns

• dyżurny ruchu
• ruch frykcyjny
• ruch jednostajnie opóźniony
• ruch jednostajnie przyspieszony
• ruch jednostajnie zmienny
• ruch kołowy
• ruch robaczkowy
• ruch w interesie
• ruchy kadrowe
• ruchy tektoniczne

verbs

• pójść w ruch pf, iść w ruch impf

Related terms

adjectives

• ruchliwy
• ruchomy
• ruchowy

nouns

• bezruch
• rozruch
• ruch społeczny
• ruchomość

verbs

• ruchać impf
• runąć impf
• ruszyć pf, ruszać impf

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ruch is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 90 times in scientific texts, 58 times in news, 76 times in essays, 37 times in fiction, and 8 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 269 times, making it the 186th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• ruch in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• ruch in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “ruch”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “ruch”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “ruch”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 761
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “ruch”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “ruch”, in “O języku ludowym w powiecie przasnyskim”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 120

Silesian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rȗxъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrux/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ux
• Syllabification: ruch

Noun

ruch m inan

1. movement (physical motion between points in space)
2. movement (act of moving a body part)
3. movement (a trend in various fields or social categories, a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals)

   Synonyms: akcyjŏ, partyjŏ, stŏwarziszynie

4. (games) move (turn, act of taking action in a game)
5. movement (manner of moving)
6. traffic (moving pedestrians or vehicles, or the flux or passage thereof)

Declension

Declension of ruch

	singular	plural
nominative	ruch	ruchy
genitive	ruchu	ruchōw
dative	ruchowi	ruchōm
accusative	ruch	ruchy
instrumental	ruchym	ruchami/ruchōma
locative	ruchu	ruchach
vocative	ruchu	ruchy

Further reading

• ruch in silling.org

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rȗxъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [rux]

Noun

ruch m inan

1. commotion, bustle (situation in which there are many people moving and performing various activities at the same time)
2. diligent action

Declension

Declension of ruch
(pattern dub)

	singular	plural
nominative	ruch	ruchy
genitive	ruchu	ruchov
dative	ruchu	ruchom
accusative	ruch	ruchy
locative	ruchu	ruchoch
instrumental	ruchom	ruchmi

Further reading

• “ruch”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025