鬱

See also: 鬰, 欝, and 郁

鬱 U+9B31, 鬱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B31 ← 鬰 [U+9B30] CJK Unified Ideographs 鬲 → [U+9B32]

Translingual

Han character

鬱 (radical 192, 鬯+19, 29 strokes, cangjie input 木木月山竹 (DDBUH), four-corner 4472₂, composition ⿳⿲木缶木冖⿰鬯彡)

Derived characters

• 灪, 爩, 䖇, 𡯀, 𡿥, 𡿥, 𢺴, 𥘄, 𤓮, 𪓊

References

• KangXi: page 1458, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45671
• Dae Jaweon: page 1990, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 858, character 12
• Unihan data for U+9B31

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Chinese

trad.		鬱
simp.		郁*
alternative forms		鬰 欝 𣠈 𣡇 𣡡 鬰 欝 𣠈 𣡇 𣡡 𣡸 𦉚 𩏴

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鬱
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (鬱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鬱	*qud
欝	*qud
灪	*qud
爩	*qud

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qud): semantic 林 + phonetic 𩰪 ().

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wat¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vut
• Min Dong (BUC): ók
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ut

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ug⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): yq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
    • Wade–Giles: yü4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiw
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: wat¹
    • Yale: wāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: wed¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vut
    • Hakka Romanization System: vud`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vud⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /vut̚²/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ók
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ouʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ut
    • Tâi-lô: ut
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ud
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ut̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ut̚⁵/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ug⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uk̚²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: yq (T4)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥ̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔɨut̚/

Rime
Character	鬱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	物 (60)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	紆物切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨut̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiut̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔut̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiuət̚/
Wang Li	/ĭuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯uət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yu

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qut/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qud/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鬱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjut ›
Old Chinese	/*qut/
English	blocked; anxious
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鬱
Reading #	1/1
No.	16057
Phonetic component	鬱
Rime group	物
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	鬱
Old Chinese	/*qud/

Definitions

鬱

1. lush; luxuriant; exuberant; dense; thick
2. various; abundant; profuse
3. deep; obscure; profound
4. to gather; to stagnate; to become stagnant
5. depressed; gloomy; moody
6. melancholy; depression
7. to begrudge; to resent; to feel aggrieved
8. hot air (rising); steam
9. a kind of plum
10. name of a god
11. tall and big
12. putrid; putrefied
13. tulip; fragrant grass

    alt. forms: 𩰪, 䖇

14. (～水) name for a branch of the Pearl River, including the You River, Yu River and the Xun River in Guangxi, as well as the Xi River downstream in Guangdong
15. (～郡) name of an ancient Chinese prefecture
16. A surname​.

Compounds

• 伊鬱／伊郁
• 勃鬱／勃郁
• 坱鬱／坱郁
• 壹鬱／壹郁
• 怫鬱／怫郁
• 悒鬱／悒郁 (yìyù)
• 悒鬱不忿／悒郁不忿
• 悒鬱寡歡／悒郁寡欢 (yìyùguǎhuān)
• 憂鬱／忧郁 (yōuyù)
• 憂鬱症／忧郁症 (yōuyùzhèng)
• 抑鬱／抑郁 (yìyù)
• 抑鬱寡歡／抑郁寡欢
• 抗憂鬱藥／抗忧郁药
• 氣鬱／气郁
• 氤鬱／氤郁
• 沉鬱／沉郁 (chényù)
• 沉鬱頓挫／沉郁顿挫
• 泱鬱／泱郁
• 湮鬱／湮郁
• 滃鬱／滃郁
• 漚鬱／沤郁
• 神荼鬱壘／神荼郁垒 (Shēnshū Yùlǜ)
• 積鬱／积郁 (jīyù)
• 紆鬱／纡郁

• 肝鬱／肝郁
• 芬鬱／芬郁
• 蒼鬱／苍郁 (cāngyù)
• 蓊鬱／蓊郁 (wěngyù)
• 蔥鬱／葱郁 (cōngyù)
• 躁鬱症／躁郁症 (zàoyùzhèng)
• 陰鬱／阴郁 (yīnyù)
• 馥鬱／馥郁
• 鬱伊／郁伊
• 鬱勃／郁勃 (yùbó)
• 鬱卒／郁卒 (yùzú)
• 鬱堙不偶／郁堙不偶
• 鬱塞／郁塞
• 鬱壘／郁垒 (Yùlǜ)
• 鬱律／郁律
• 鬱悒／郁悒
• 鬱悶／郁闷 (yùmèn)
• 鬱憤／郁愤 (yùfèn)
• 鬱江／郁江 (Yùjiāng)
• 鬱沉沉／郁沉沉
• 鬱泱／郁泱
• 鬱火／郁火
• 鬱然／郁然 (yùrán)
• 鬱熱／郁热 (yùrè)

• 鬱燠／郁燠
• 鬱症／郁症 (yùzhèng)
• 鬱積／郁积 (yùjī)
• 鬱紆／郁纡
• 鬱結／郁结 (yùjié)
• 鬱蒸／郁蒸
• 鬱蒼／郁苍 (yùcāng)
• 鬱蓊／郁蓊
• 鬱蔥／郁葱
• 鬱血／郁血 (yùxuè)
• 鬱邑／郁邑
• 鬱郁／郁郁 (yùyù)
• 鬱金／郁金 (yùjīn)
• 鬱金香／郁金香 (yùjīnxiāng)
• 鬱閉／郁闭 (yùbì)
• 鬱陶／郁陶 (yùtáo)
• 鬱馥／郁馥
• 鬱鬱／郁郁 (yùyù)
• 鬱鬱不平／郁郁不平
• 鬱鬱不樂／郁郁不乐 (yùyùbùlè)
• 鬱鬱寡歡／郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
• 鬱鬱蒼蒼／郁郁苍苍 (yùyùcāngcāng)
• 鬱鬱蔥蔥／郁郁葱葱 (yùyùcōngcōng)

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Japanese

Kanji

鬱

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. depression, gloom, melancholy

Readings

• Go-on: うち (uchi)
• Kan-on: うつ (utsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: しげる (shigeru, 鬱る); ふさぐ (fusagu, 鬱ぐ)

Compounds

Compounds

• 鬱(う)金(こん) (ukon)
• 鬱(う)金(こん)色(いろ) (ukon'iro)
• 鬱(う)金(こん)香(こう) (ukonkō)
• 鬱(うっ)気(き) (ukki)
• 鬱(うっ)屈(くつ) (ukkutsu)
• 鬱(うっ)血(けつ) (ukketsu)
• 鬱(うっ)積(せき) (usseki)
• 鬱(うっ)蒼(そう) (ussō)
• 鬱(うっ)滞(たい) (uttai)
• 鬱(うっ)陶(とう)しい (uttōshii)

• 鬱(うっ)憤(ぷん) (uppun)
• 鬱(うつ)々(うつ) (utsuutsu)
• 鬱(うつ)然(ぜん) (utsuzen)
• 鬱(うつ)病(びょう) (utsubyō)
• 鬱(うつ)勃(ぼつ) (utsubotsu)
• 気(き)鬱(うつ) (kiutsu)
• 暗(あん)鬱(うつ) (an'utsu)
• 陰(いん)鬱(うつ) (in'utsu)
• 気(き)鬱(うつ)症(しょう) (kiutsushō)

• 躁(そう)鬱(うつ) (sōutsu)
• 躁(そう)鬱(うつ)質(しつ) (sōutsushitsu)
• 躁(そう)鬱(うつ)病(びょう) (sōutsubyō)
• 沈(ちん)鬱(うつ) (chin'utsu)
• 幽(ゆう)鬱(うつ) (yūutsu)
• 憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ) (yūutsu)
• 憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)質(しつ) (yūutsushitsu)
• 憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)症(しょう) (yūutsushō)
• 抑(よく)鬱(うつ) (yokuutsu)

Trivia

鬱 has, at 29 strokes, the most strokes of any kanji in the jōyō kanji list or kanji kentei level pre-1. The next highest kanji in the jōyō list is 鑑, at 23 strokes.

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鬱
うつ Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 鬱 (MC ʔɨut̚).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) う​つ [úꜜtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

Adjective

鬱(うつ) • (utsu) -na (adnominal 鬱(うつ)な (utsu na), adverbial 鬱(うつ)に (utsu ni))

1. depressing

   鬱(うつ)な曲(きょく)

   utsu na kyoku

   depressing song

2. depressed

   鬱(うつ)な気(き)分(ぶん)

   utsu na kibun

   gloomy mood

   鬱(うつ)になりそう

   utsu ni narisō

   to be almost depressed about something

Noun

鬱(うつ) • (utsu) 

1. (psychiatry) depression

   鬱(うつ)を克(こく)服(ふく)する

   utsu o kokufuku suru

   overcome depression

Synonyms

• 鬱(うつ)病(びょう) (utsubyō)

Affix

鬱(うつ) • (utsu) 

1. dense (growth); lush; luxuriant
2. accumulate; stagnate
3. depression; gloom; melancholy

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Korean

Alternative forms

• 㭗

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 鬱 (MC ʔɨut̚).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅮᇙ〮 (Yale: qwúlq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 울 (Yale: wul) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [uɭ]
• Phonetic hangeul: [울]

Hanja

Wikisource

鬱 (eumhun 답답할 울 (dapdaphal ul))

1. Hanja form^? of 울 (“stuffy; stifling; suffocating”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 울결 (鬱結, ulgyeol)
• 울금 (鬱金, ulgeum)
• 울기 (鬱氣, ulgi)
• 울념 (鬱念, ullyeom)
• 울노 (鬱怒, ullo)
• 울담 (鬱痰, uldam)
• 울도 (鬱陶, uldo)
• 울림 (鬱林, ullim)
• 울민 (鬱悶, ulmin)
• 울밀 (鬱密, ulmil)
• 울분 (鬱憤, ulbun)
• 울산 (鬱散, ulsan)
• 울울 (鬱鬱, urul)
• 울적 (鬱寂, uljeok)
• 울적 (鬱積, uljeok)
• 울화 (鬱火, ulhwa)
• 구울 (漚鬱, guul)
• 불울 (岪鬱, burul)
• 불울 (弗鬱, burul)
• 아울 (訝鬱, aul)
• 앙울 (怏鬱, ang-ul)
• 앙울 (泱鬱, ang-ul)
• 애울 (藹鬱, ae-ul)
• 억울 (抑鬱, eogul)
• 옹울 (蓊鬱, ong-ul)
• 우울 (憂鬱, uul)
• 음울 (陰鬱, eumul)
• 읍울 (悒鬱, eubul)
• 인울 (湮鬱, inul)
• 재울 (齎鬱, jae-ul)
• 창울 (蒼鬱, chang-ul)
• 우울증 (憂鬱症, uuljeung)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

鬱: Hán Nôm readings: uất

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.