蓮

See also: 莲

蓮 U+84EE, 蓮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-84EE ← 蓭 [U+84ED] CJK Unified Ideographs 蓯 → [U+84EF]

Translingual

Japanese	蓮
Simplified	莲
Traditional	蓮

Han character

蓮 (radical 140, 艸+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜十十 (TYJJ), four-corner 4430₄, composition ⿱艹連)

References

• KangXi: page 1052, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31722
• Dae Jaweon: page 1514, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3261, character 10
• Unihan data for U+84EE

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Chinese

trad.		蓮
simp.		莲

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (連) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
連	*ren
漣	*ren
鰱	*ren
翴	*ren
鏈	*ren, *rens, *r̥ʰen
璉	*renʔ
僆	*renʔ, *reːns
摙	*renʔ, *rens
蓮	*renʔ, *reːn
嗹	*reːn
縺	*reːn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *renʔ, *reːn): semantic 艹 + phonetic 連 (OC *ren).

Etymology 1

Related to 蕑 (OC *kreːn, “lotus seed”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lián (lian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lin⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): lien⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lièn
• Jin (Wiktionary): lie¹
• Min Bei (KCR): lâing
• Min Dong (BUC): lièng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): liân / nâi / nûi / lân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): noi⁵ / liang⁵ / liêng⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): li (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: lián
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
    • Wade–Giles: lien2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lián
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lin⁴
    • Yale: lìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːn²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: lien⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɛn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lièn
    • Hakka Romanization System: lienˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lian²
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯en¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: lie¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /lie¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lâing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laiŋ³³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lièng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ieŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân
    • Tâi-lô: liân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lieen
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /liɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛn¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kinmen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nâi
    • Tâi-lô: nâi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: naai
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /nãɪ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nûi
    • Tâi-lô: nuî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: nuii
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /nuĩ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lân
    • Tâi-lô: lân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: laan
    • IPA (Taipei): /lan²⁴/

Note:

• Xiamen, Quanzhou:
  • liân - literary;
  • nâi/nûi - vernacular.

(Teochew)

• Peng'im: noi⁵ / liang⁵ / liêng⁵
• Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nôi / liâng / liêng
• Sinological IPA ^(key): /noi⁵⁵/, /liaŋ⁵⁵/, /lieŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• noi5 - vernacular;
• liang5/liêng5 - literary (liêng5 - Chaozhou).

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: li (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /len/

Rime
Character	蓮
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	落賢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/len/
Pan Wuyun	/len/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛn/
Li Rong	/len/
Wang Li	/lien/
Bernard Karlgren	/lien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.[r]ˤe[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*reːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蓮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lián
Middle Chinese	‹ len ›
Old Chinese	/*k.[r]ˁe[n]/ (cf. 蕑 jiān < kean < *kˁre[n] (dial. *k.rˁ- > kˁr-) ‘lotus fruit (Ode 145.2)’)
English	lotus fruit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蓮
Reading #	2/2
No.	8004
Phonetic component	連
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	蓮
Old Chinese	/*reːn/

Definitions

蓮

1. lotus; water lily
2. (Buddhism) Buddha's world; paradise

Descendants

• → Vietnamese: sen

Compounds

Derived terms from 蓮

• 三寸金蓮／三寸金莲
• 並蒂蓮／并蒂莲
• 並頭蓮／并头莲
• 九蓮燈／九莲灯
• 八角蓮／八角莲
• 半邊蓮／半边莲 (bànbiānlián)
• 品蓮臺／品莲台
• 奉迓金蓮／奉迓金莲
• 子午蓮／子午莲
• 寶蓮燈／宝莲灯
• 布袋蓮／布袋莲 (bùdàilián)
• 慢吐蓮／慢吐莲
• 採蓮曲／采莲曲
• 採蓮船／采莲船
• 日蓮宗／日莲宗
• 木蓮／木莲
• 朵朵蓮花／朵朵莲花
• 榴蓮／榴莲
• 步步蓮花／步步莲花
• 步步金蓮／步步金莲
• 潘妃金蓮／潘妃金莲
• 潘金蓮／潘金莲
• 王蓮／王莲
• 白蓮教／白莲教 (Báiliánjiào)
• 白蓮社／白莲社

• 百子蓮／百子莲
• 百枝蓮／百枝莲
• 目蓮救母／目莲救母
• 睡蓮／睡莲 (shuìlián)
• 石蓮／石莲
• 秦香蓮／秦香莲
• 舌粲蓮花／舌粲莲花
• 花蓮／花莲 (Huālián)
• 菖蒲蓮／菖蒲莲
• 蒲蓮／蒲莲 (Púlián)
• 蓮子／莲子 (liánzǐ)
• 蓮子花／莲子花
• 蓮宗／莲宗
• 蓮實／莲实
• 蓮幕／莲幕
• 蓮府／莲府
• 蓮座／莲座
• 蓮心／莲心
• 蓮房／莲房 (liánfáng)
• 蓮步／莲步 (liánbù)
• 蓮池／莲池
• 蓮社／莲社
• 蓮臺／莲台
• 蓮花／莲花 (liánhuā)

• 蓮花樂／莲花乐
• 蓮花漏／莲花漏
• 蓮花落／莲花落 (liánhuālào)
• 蓮華衣／莲华衣
• 蓮葉／莲叶 (liányè)
• 蓮蓬／莲蓬 (liánpeng)
• 蓮蓬頭／莲蓬头 (liánpengtóu)
• 蓮藕／莲藕 (lián'ǒu)
• 蓮邦／莲邦 (Liánbāng)
• 蓮鉤／莲钩
• 蓮開並蒂／莲开并蒂
• 蓮霧／莲雾 (liánwù)
• 蓮鬚／莲须 (liánxū)
• 蓮龕／莲龛
• 西番蓮／西番莲 (xīfānlián)
• 觀音座蓮／观音座莲
• 觀音蓮／观音莲
• 金蓮／金莲
• 金蓮步／金莲步
• 金蓮花／金莲花
• 阿蓮／阿莲 (Ālián)
• 雪蓮／雪莲 (xuělián)
• 青蓮／青莲 (Qīnglián)
• 青蓮居士／青莲居士

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liǎn (lian³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: liǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˇ
    • Wade–Giles: lien3
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lean
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liǎn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljɛn²¹⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /liᴇn^X/

Rime
Character	蓮
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力展切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇnX/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛnX/
Shao Rongfen	/ljænX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lianX/
Li Rong	/liɛnX/
Wang Li	/lĭɛnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ɛnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liǎn

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*renʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蓮
Reading #	1/2
No.	8000
Phonetic component	連
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	輦
Old Chinese	/*renʔ/

Definitions

蓮

1. Only used in 蓮勺／莲勺.

References

• “蓮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Shinjitai	蓮
Kyūjitai	蓮

Kanji

蓮

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. lotus plant or flower, Nelumbo nucifera

Readings

• Go-on: れん (ren)
• Kan-on: れん (ren)
• Kun: はす (hasu, 蓮); はちす (hachisu, 蓮)

Etymology 1

蓮 (hachisu): Hibiscus syriacus: the rose of Sharon, rose mallow, or St. Joseph's rod.

蓮 (hachisu, hasu, ren): Nelumbo nucifera: the lotus flower and plant.

Kanji in this term
蓮
はちす Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of 蜂 (hachi, “bee”) +‎ 巣 (su, “nest, hive”), literally “beehive, honeycomb”, from the way the lotus seed resembles a honeycomb.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) はちす [hàchísú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ha̠t͡ɕisɨᵝ]

Noun

蓮(はちす) • (hachisu) 

1. older name for hasu below: a lotus plant or flower, Nelumbo nucifera
2. (Buddhism, particularly Pure Land Buddhism) a lotus bloom in the realm of Sukhāvatī (“Land of Ultimate Bliss”), as an expression of reincarnation
3. alternate name for 木槿 (mukuge), Hibiscus syriacus: the rose of Sharon, rose mallow, or St. Joseph's rod

Related terms

→

• 蜂巣(はちす) (hachisu): a beehive; a honeycomb

Proper noun

蓮(はちす) • (Hachisu) 

1. the name of various places in Japan
2. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蓮
はす Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/hat͡ɕisu/ → */hassu/ → /hasu/

Appears to be a contraction of hachisu above.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) はす [hàsú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ha̠sɨᵝ]

Noun

蓮(はす) • (hasu) 

1. a lotus plant or flower

Usage notes

The reading hasu appears to be more common for the lotus meaning in modern Japanese.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 蓮根(はすね) (hasune): a lotus root

Proper noun

蓮(はす) • (Hasu) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
蓮
れん Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 蓮 (len, “lotus fruit”). Compare modern Mandarin reading lián.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
• IPA^(key): [ɾẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

蓮(れん) • (ren) 

1. a lotus plant or flower

Usage notes

The ren reading is seldom used on its own. It is most often used in compounds.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 蓮華(れんげ) (renge): a lotus bloom, a lotus flower
• 蓮根(れんこん) (renkon): a lotus root
• 蓮台(れんだい) (rendai): a lotus blossom used as a seat or dais for a buddha or bodhisattva
• 睡蓮(すいれん) (suiren): a water lily
• 日蓮(にちれん) (nichiren): Nichiren Japanese Buddhist priest

Proper noun

蓮(れん) • (Ren) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 蓮 (MC len). Recorded as Middle Korean 련 (Yale: lyen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

蓮 (eumhun 연꽃 련 (yeonkkot ryeon), South Korea 연꽃 연 (yeonkkot yeon))

1. Hanja form^? of 련/연 (“lotus”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 목련 (木蓮, mongnyeon)
• 연근 (蓮根, yeon-geun)
• 연지 (蓮池, yeonji)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

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Vietnamese

Han character

蓮 (liên)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.