菡萏

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (菡萏)		菡	萏
simp. #(菡萏)		菡	萏

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hàndàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ ㄉㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁵ daam⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hàndàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ ㄉㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hàndàn
    • Wade–Giles: han⁴-tan⁴
    • Yale: hàn-dàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hanndann
    • Palladius: ханьдань (xanʹdanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ tän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: haam⁵ daam⁶
    • Yale: háahm daahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁵ daam⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ham⁵ dam⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːm¹³ taːm²²/

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• Middle Chinese: homX domX

Rime
Character	菡	萏
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	胡感切	徒感切
Baxter	homX	domX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʌmX/	/dʌmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəmX/	/dəmX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɒmX/	/dɒmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəmX/	/dəmX/
Li Rong	/ɣᴀmX/	/dᴀmX/
Wang Li	/ɣɒmX/	/dɒmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣămX/	/dʱămX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn	dàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham6	daam6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːmʔ  l'oːmʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	萏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dàn
Middle Chinese	‹ domX ›
Old Chinese	/*rˁomʔ/
English	菡萏 homX.domX lotus flower
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菡	萏
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4866	13539
Phonetic component	函	臽
Rime group	侵	談
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	頷	禫
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːmʔ/	/*l'oːmʔ/

Noun

菡萏

1. (literary) lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), especially one that has not blossomed

   • 彼澤之陂，有蒲菡萏。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     彼泽之陂，有蒲菡萏。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Bǐ zé zhī bēi, yǒu pú hàndàn. [Pinyin]

     By the shores of that marsh,
     There are rushes and lotus flowers.

Synonyms

• 水芝 (shuǐzhī) (literary)
• 水芙蓉 (shuǐfúróng)
• 芙蓉 (fúróng)
• 芙蕖 (fúqú) (literary)
• 荷花 (héhuā)
• 蓮／莲
• 蓮花／莲花 (liánhuā)
• 藕花 (ǒuhuā)