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鞋

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 鞵
鞋 U+978B, 鞋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-978B
← 鞊
[U+978A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鞌 →
[U+978C]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
15 strokes

Han character

[edit]

鞋 (Kangxi radical 177, 革+6, 15 strokes, Cangjie input 廿十土土 (TJGG), four-corner 44514, composition ⿰革圭)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1387, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42813
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1902, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4333, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+978B

Chinese

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Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 鞋
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (圭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
街 *kreː, *kreː
鞋 *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː
娾 *ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ
佳 *kreː
鮭 *ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
涯 *ŋreː, *ŋre
崖 *ŋreː, *ŋre
啀 *ŋreː
厓 *ŋreː
捱 *ŋreː
睚 *ŋreːs
娃 *qreː
洼 *qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː
哇 *qreː, *qʷraː
胿 *ɡeː, *kʷeː
溎 *qeːns
觟 *ɡʷraːʔ
黊 *ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː
蘳 *ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe
蛙 *qʷraː, *qʷreː
窪 *qʷraː
卦 *kʷreːs
挂 *kʷreːs
掛 *kʷreːs
詿 *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs
罣 *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs
絓 *kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs
鼃 *ɢʷreː, *qʷreː
圭 *kʷeː
珪 *kʷeː
邽 *kʷeː
閨 *kʷeː
袿 *kʷeː
窐 *kʷeː, *ɡʷeː
茥 *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
桂 *kʷeːs
筀 *kʷeːs
奎 *kʰʷeː
刲 *kʰʷeː
蝰 *kʰʷeː
楏 *kʰʷeː
睳 *qʰʷeː
畦 *ɡʷeː
眭 *ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi
烓 *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ
跬 *kʰʷeʔ
恚 *qʷes
硅 *qʰʷreɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː): semantic 革 (“leather”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː) – leather shoes. Originally written as 鞵.

Originally, the phonetic component is not related to the concept of earth (土) since in its original form it represents a pair of ritual axes perhaps made of jade 士. Hence, the link to the concept of earth in this character either comes from folk etymology or its appearance in the Small Seal script.

Etymology 1

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 鞋
2nd round simp. 𰆻
alternative forms 鞵
𩋘
𩋔
𩋧

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • ê/ôe/êre - vernacular;
  • hâi - literary.
Note:
  • oi5 - vernacular;
  • hai5 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 鞋
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɛ³⁵/
Harbin /ɕiɛ²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕie⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕiɛ⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕiɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕiɛ⁴²/
Xi'an /xai²⁴/
Xining /xɛ²⁴/
Yinchuan /xɛ⁵³/
/ɕie⁵³/
Lanzhou /xɛ⁵³/
Ürümqi /xai⁵¹/
Wuhan /xai²¹³/
Chengdu /xai³¹/
Guiyang /xai²¹/
Kunming /xæ³¹/
Nanjing /ɕiɛ²⁴/
Hefei /ɕie̞⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xai¹¹/
/ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /xæ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕie³¹/ 皮～
/xɛ³¹/ 靸～
Wu Shanghai /ɦa²³/
Suzhou /ɦɑ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦie̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦa³¹/
Hui Shexian /xa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /xa⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xai¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦai¹²/
Gan Nanchang /hai²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /hai¹¹/
Taoyuan /hɑi¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hai²¹/
Nanning /hai²¹/
Hong Kong /hai²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hai³⁵/
/ue³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ɛ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ai²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /oi⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ɔi³¹/
Rime
Character 鞋 鞋
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 佳 (31) 皆 (33)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II II
Fanqie 戸佳切 戸皆切
Baxter hea heaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠɛ/ /ɦˠɛi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦᵚæ/ /ɦᵚæi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣæi/ /ɣɐi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦaɨj/ /ɦəɨj/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɛ/ /ɣɛi/
Wang
Li 		/ɣai/ /ɣɐi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣai/ /ɣăi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiá xié
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		haai4 haai4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鞋
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xié
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hɛ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁre/ (no pre-Qín exx.)
English shoe

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鞋 鞋 鞋
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 4528 4534 4541
Phonetic
component 		圭 圭 圭
Rime
group 		支 支 支
Rime
subdivision 		0 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		諧 㥟 㥟
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡreː/ /*ɡreː/ /*ɡreː/
Notes 說文作鞵 同鞵

Definitions

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鞋

  1. shoe; footwear (Classifier: 雙／双 m mn; 對／对 c; 隻／只 m c; 奇 mn)
    一雙鞋／一双鞋  ―  yī shuāng xié  ―  a pair of shoes
    穿上你的鞋，我們出去吃晚飯。 [MSC, trad.]
    穿上你的鞋，我们出去吃晚饭。 [MSC, simp.]
    Chuān shàng nǐ de xié, wǒmen chūqù chī wǎnfàn. [Pinyin]
    Put on your shoes. Let's go out for dinner.
    在這裡我必須脫鞋嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    在这里我必须脱鞋吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Zài zhèlǐ wǒ bìxū tuō xié ma? [Pinyin]
    Do I have to take off my shoes here?
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 鞋 (“shoe”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 屨, 履, 鞋, 屣
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 鞋, 鞋子
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 鞋, 鞋巴兒
Taiwan 鞋子, 鞋
Harbin 鞋
Singapore 鞋子, 鞋
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 鞋
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 鞋
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 鞋
Wanrong 鞋
Zhengzhou 鞋
Xi'an 鞋
Xining 鞋, 鞋鞋
Xuzhou 鞋子, 鞋
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 鞋腳
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 鞋
Lanzhou 鞋
Ürümqi 鞋
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 鞋子
Wuhan 鞋子, 鞋
Guiyang 鞋
Guilin 鞋子
Liuzhou 鞋子
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 鞋子
Yangzhou 鞋子
Hefei 鞋
Chuzhou 鞋子
Cantonese Guangzhou 鞋
Hong Kong 鞋
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 鞋
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 鞋
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 鞋
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 鞋
Macau 鞋
Guangzhou (Panyu) 鞋
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 鞋
Guangzhou (Conghua) 鞋
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 鞋
Foshan 鞋
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 鞋
Foshan (Shunde) 鞋
Foshan (Sanshui) 鞋
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 鞋
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 鞋
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 鞋
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 鞋
Zhuhai (Doumen) 鞋
Jiangmen (Baisha) 鞋
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 鞋
Taishan 鞋
Kaiping (Chikan) 鞋
Enping (Niujiang) 鞋
Heshan (Yayao) 鞋
Dongguan 鞋
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 鞋
Shaoguan 鞋
Yunfu 鞋
Yangjiang 鞋
Xinyi 鞋
Lianjiang 鞋
Nanning 鞋
Wuzhou 鞋
Hepu (Lianzhou) 鞋
Hepu (Shatian) 鞋
Baise 鞋
Qinzhou 鞋
Qinzhou (Changtan) 鞋
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 鞋
Beihai 鞋
Beihai (Nankang) 鞋
Beihai (Yingpan) 鞋
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 鞋
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 鞋
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 鞋
Danzhou 鞋
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 鞋
Ipoh (Guangfu) 鞋
Singapore (Guangfu) 鞋
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 鞋
Móng Cái 鞋
Bangkok (Guangfu) 鞋
Gan Nanchang 鞋子
Lichuan 鞋仔
Pingxiang 鞋子
Hakka Meixian 鞋
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 鞋
Dongguan (Qingxi) 鞋
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 鞋
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 鞋
Wuhua (Huacheng) 鞋
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 鞋
Yudu 鞋
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鞋
Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 鞋
Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 鞋
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 鞋
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 鞋
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 鞋
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 鞋
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 鞋, 鞋仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 鞋
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 鞋
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 鞋
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 鞋
Hong Kong 鞋
Senai (Huiyang) 鞋
Bangkok (Jiexi) 鞋
Huizhou Jixi 鞋
Jin Taiyuan 鞋, 鞋巴子
Xinzhou 鞋
Northern Min Jian'ou 鞋
Eastern Min Fuzhou 鞋
Matsu 鞋
Southern Min Xiamen 鞋
Quanzhou 鞋
Jinjiang 鞋
Shishi 鞋
Zhangzhou 鞋仔, 鞋
New Taipei (Tamsui) 鞋
New Taipei (Pingxi) 鞋
Kaohsiung 鞋
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 鞋
Yilan 鞋仔
Tainan 鞋仔
Tainan (Anping) 鞋
Penghu (Xiyu) 鞋
Penang (Hokkien) 鞋
Singapore (Hokkien) 鞋
Manila (Hokkien) 鞋
Pingnan (Pingtian) 鞋
Pingnan (Sijie) 鞋
Guilin (Biyange) 鞋
Pingle (Zhoutang) 鞋
Lechang (Tatou) 鞋
Yingde (Yuzui) 鞋
Yunan (Liantan) 鞋
Chaozhou 鞋
Shantou 鞋
Shantou (Chaoyang) 鞋
Jieyang 鞋
Haifeng 鞋
Bangkok (Teochew) 鞋
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 鞋
Singapore (Teochew) 鞋
Pontianak (Teochew) 鞋
Leizhou 鞋
Wenchang 鞋
Haikou 鞋
Puxian Min Putian 鞋
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 鞋
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 鞋
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 鞋
Xianyou 鞋
Xianyou (Fengting) 鞋
Xianyou (Youyang) 鞋
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 鞋
Binyang 鞋
Northern Pinghua Lingchuan (Sanjie) 鞋
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 履
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 履
Luxi (Baisha) 履
Wu Shanghai 鞋子
Shanghai (Chongming) 鞋子
Suzhou 鞋子
Danyang 鞋子
Hangzhou 鞋子
Ningbo 鞋, 鞋爿
Wenzhou 鞋
Jinhua 鞋
Xiang Changsha 鞋子
Loudi 鞋子
Shuangfeng 鞋子

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (鞋):
  • → Vietnamese: hài (鞋)

Other:

Etymology 2

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 鞋
For pronunciation and definitions of 鞋 – see 嚡 (“rough; coarse; sigh; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 嚡).

References

[edit]
  • “鞋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • (Cantonese) 粵音資料集叢
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “鞋”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 150.
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “1280 鞋”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 417.

Japanese

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Kanji

[edit]
鞋

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. shoes; shoe; footwear

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: げ (ge)
  • Kan-on: かい (kai)
  • Kan’yō-on: あい (ai)
  • Kun: くつ (kutsu, 鞋)、わらじ (waraji, 鞋)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
鞋
くつ
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 鞋 – see the following entry.
【靴くつ】S
[noun] footwear, footgear: a shoe, (a pair of) shoes
Alternative spellings
沓, 履, 鞾
(This term, 鞋, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.)

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
鞋
わらじ
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 鞋 – see the following entry.
【草鞋わらじ】
[noun] traditional Japanese straw sandals
Alternative spelling
藁沓
(This term, 鞋, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

References

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Korean

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Etymology

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

鞋 (eum 혜 (hye))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

鞋: Hán Việt readings: hài[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
鞋: Nôm readings: giày[2][3][4][5][6][7]

  1. chữ Hán form of hài (“(archaic, footwear) boot”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of giày (“shoe; boot”)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Génibrel (1898).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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