必須
Appearance
See also: 必须
Chinese
[edit]certainly; must; will certainly; must; will; necessarily |
necessary; must; need | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (必須) | 必 | 須 | |
simp. (必须) | 必 | 须 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bit1 seoi1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pit-sî
- Northern Min (KCR): bĭ-sṳ́
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7piq-shiu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄩ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bìsyu
- Wade–Giles: pi4-hsü1
- Yale: bì-syū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bihshiu
- Palladius: бисюй (bisjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi⁵¹ ɕy⁵⁵/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 必需
必須/必须
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bit1 seoi1
- Yale: bīt sēui
- Cantonese Pinyin: bit7 soey1
- Guangdong Romanization: bid1 sêu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /piːt̚⁵ sɵy̯⁵⁵/
- Homophones:
必需
必須/必须
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pit-sî
- Hakka Romanization System: bidˋ xiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: bid5 xi1
- Sinological IPA: /pit̚² si²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bĭ-sṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi²⁴ sy⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pit-su
- Tâi-lô: pit-su
- Phofsit Daibuun: pitsw
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pit̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ su³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pit-si
- Tâi-lô: pit-si
- Phofsit Daibuun: pitsy
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pit̚³²⁻⁵ si⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: big4 su1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pik su
- Sinological IPA (key): /pik̚²⁻⁴ su³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
Verb
[edit]必須
- must; have to (used as an auxiliary verb)
- 若必須跨出一步,誰敢擋我路? [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
- From: 1988, 袁善根 Yuen Sin-gan (lyricist) & 城振銘 Chen-ming Cheng (composer),《萬世有你名號》"Myriad Generations Chant Your Name"
- joek6 bit1 seoi1 kwaa1 ceot1 jat1 bou6, seoi4 gam2 dong2 ngo5 lou6? [Jyutping]
- If I must take one stride out, who'd dare obstruct my path?
若必须跨出一步,谁敢挡我路? [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
Usage notes
[edit]必須/必须 (bìxū) is used for subjective requirements, while 必需 (bìxū) is used for objective requirements.
Synonyms
[edit]See also
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
必 | 須 |
ひつ > ひっ Grade: 4 |
す Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]必須 • (hissu) -na (adnominal 必須な (hissu na), adverbial 必須に (hissu ni))
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 必須
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 必須だろ | ひっすだろ | hissu daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 必須で | ひっすで | hissu de |
Terminal (終止形) | 必須だ | ひっすだ | hissu da |
Attributive (連体形) | 必須な | ひっすな | hissu na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 必須なら | ひっすなら | hissu nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 必須であれ | ひっすであれ | hissu de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 必須ではない 必須じゃない |
ひっすではない ひっすじゃない |
hissu de wa nai hissu ja nai |
Informal past | 必須だった | ひっすだった | hissu datta |
Informal negative past | 必須ではなかった 必須じゃなかった |
ひっすではなかった ひっすじゃなかった |
hissu de wa nakatta hissu ja nakatta |
Formal | 必須です | ひっすです | hissu desu |
Formal negative | 必須ではありません 必須じゃありません |
ひっすではありません ひっすじゃありません |
hissu de wa arimasen hissu ja arimasen |
Formal past | 必須でした | ひっすでした | hissu deshita |
Formal negative past | 必須ではありませんでした 必須じゃありませんでした |
ひっすではありませんでした ひっすじゃありませんでした |
hissu de wa arimasen deshita hissu ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 必須で | ひっすで | hissu de |
Conditional | 必須なら(ば) | ひっすなら(ば) | hissu nara (ba) |
Provisional | 必須だったら | ひっすだったら | hissu dattara |
Volitional | 必須だろう | ひっすだろう | hissu darō |
Adverbial | 必須に | ひっすに | hissu ni |
Degree | 必須さ | ひっすさ | hissusa |
Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 必須格 (hissukaku, “indispensable case (linguistics)”)
- 必須科目 (hissu kamoku, “required subjects”)
- 必須条件 (hissu jōken, “essential condition”)
- 必須アミノ酸 (hissu aminosan, “essential amino acid”)
- 必須脂肪酸 (hissu shibōsan, “essential fatty acid”)
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
必 | 須 |
Noun
[edit]Categories:
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Mandarin terms with homophones
- Cantonese terms with homophones
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Northern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 必
- Chinese terms spelled with 須
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Cantonese terms with quotations
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese terms spelled with 必 read as ひつ
- Japanese terms spelled with 須 read as す
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese nouns
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms