須

See also: 须

須 U+9808, 須 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9808 ← 頇 [U+9807] CJK Unified Ideographs 頉 → [U+9809]

Translingual

Han character

須 (radical 181 頁+3, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹一月金 (HHMBC), four-corner 2128₆, composition ⿰彡頁)

Derived characters

• 鬚, 𡡓, 𩓣, 䫠, 䫇, 頿, 盨

Descendants

• 须
• Japanese: ス

References

• KangXi: page 1399, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43352
• Dae Jaweon: page 1916, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4358, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9808

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Chinese

trad.		須
simp.		须*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 須
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (須) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
盨	*sraʔ
須	*so
鬚	*so
嬃	*so
蕦	*so

Pictogram (象形): 彡 (“hair”) + 頁 (“head”) – a head with hair on its side – beard; whiskers — original character of 鬚 (OC *so). Originally a single picture, but abstracted in the seal script into a compound.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xū (xu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sî
• Min Nan (POJ): su / si

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xū
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
    • Wade-Giles: hsü¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: seoi¹
    • Yale: sēui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soey¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêu¹
    • IPA ^(key): /sɵy̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî
    • Hakka Romanization System: xi´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xi¹
    • IPA: /ɕi²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
    • Tâi-lô: su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /su³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si
    • Tâi-lô: si
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕi⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /sɨo/▼

Rime
Character	須
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	相俞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/sio/
Shao Rongfen	/sio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/suə̆/
Li Rong	/sio/
Wang Li	/sĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xū

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[s]o/

  (Zhengzhang): /*so/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	須
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xū
Middle Chinese	‹ sju ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]o/
English	斯須 a short time
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	須
Reading #	1/1
No.	13955
Phonetic component	須
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	須
Old Chinese	/*so/

Definitions

須

1. must; have to; should

Compounds

• 不時之須／不时之须
• 不須／不须 (bùxū)
• 也須／也须
• 些須／些须 (xiēxū)
• 但須／但须
• 何須／何须 (héxū)
• 便須／便须
• 務須／务须
• 只須／只须
• 女大須嫁／女大须嫁
• 女長須嫁／女长须嫁
• 必須／必须 (bìxū)
• 應須／应须
• 摩厲以須／摩厉以须
• 斯須／斯须 (sīxū)

• 是須／是须
• 會須／会须
• 毋須／毋须 (wúxū)
• 無須／无须 (wúxū)
• 直須／直须
• 相須為命／相须为命
• 相須而行／相须而行
• 磨厲以須／磨厉以须
• 磨礪以須／磨砺以须
• 終須／终须 (zhōngxū)
• 肩須拍／肩须拍
• 莫須有／莫须有 (mòxūyǒu)
• 須不是／须不是
• 須彌山／须弥山
• 須彌座／须弥座

• 須待／须待
• 須慮／须虑
• 須捷／须捷
• 須是／须是
• 須然／须然
• 須用／须用
• 須留／须留 (xūliú)
• 須眉／须眉
• 須知／须知 (xūzhī)
• 須索／须索
• 須至／须至
• 須臾／须臾 (xūyú)
• 須要／须要 (xūyào)
• 須陀洹／须陀洹

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 須 – see 鬚 (“beard; whisker; antenna; feeler; etc.”). (This character, 須, is a variant form of 鬚.)

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Japanese

Kanji

須

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. mandatory

Readings

• Goon: す (su, Jōyō)
• Kan’on: しゅ (shu)
• Kun: もとめる (motomeru, 須める); もちいる (mochiiru, 須いる)

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Korean

Hanja

須 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune-Reischauer su, Yale swu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

須 (tua, tu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.