くつ
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Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 靴 沓 (uncommon) 履 (uncommon) 鞋 (uncommon) 鞾 (uncommon) |
⟨kutu⟩: */kutu/ → /kut͡su/
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū poetry compilation, completed circa 759.[1]
Ultimate derivation unclear. Some Japanese sources suggest a borrowing from or cognate with Korean 구두 (gudu, “shoes”),[2] but then some Korean sources suggest that the Korean term was borrowed from Japanese 靴 (kutsu, “shoes”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- 靴: footwear, footgear: a shoe, (a pair of) shoes
- , text here:
- 信濃道者 伊麻能波里美知 可里婆祢尓 安思布麻之<奈牟> 久都波氣和我世
- 信濃道は 今の墾り道 刈りばねに 足踏ましなむ 沓はけ我が背
- shinanuji wa ima no harimichi karibane ni ashi fumashinamu kutsu hake wagase
- the Shinano road has just been opened; wear shoes, my brother / my dear, so you do not step on the brush stubble [in your bare feet]
- , text here:
Synonyms[edit]
- シューズ (shūzu)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Etymology 2[edit]
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 口 |
/kutu/ → /kut͡su/
From Old Japanese. Appears in compound terms listed in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 938 CE.
The ancient combining form of modern 口 (kuchi).[1] Likely the original form.
No longer productive in modern Japanese. Only found in older compounds.
Pronunciation[edit]
- The pitch accent is derived from the entire compound word.
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 口号 (kutsūta): an improvised poem or song
- 口籠 (kutsuko): a muzzle
- 鼾 (kutsuchi), 癲 (kutsuchi), 癲癇 (kutsuchi): snoring; epilepsy
- 轡 (kutsubami), 銜 (kutsubami), 勒 (kutsubami): a bit(as for a horse's mouth)
- 口巻 (kutsumaki): the winding holding an arrowhead to the shaft of an arrow
- 轡 (kutsuwa), 馬銜 (kutsuwa): a bit (as for a horse's mouth)
Etymology 3[edit]
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 朽つ |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[6]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
- 朽つ: Classical Japanese form of くちる (kuchiru)
Conjugation[edit]
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | くち | kuti | |
| Continuative (連用形) | くち | kuti | |
| Terminal (終止形) | くつ | kutu | |
| Attributive (連体形) | くつる | kuturu | |
| Realis (已然形) | くつれ | kuture | |
| Imperative (命令形) | くちよ | kutiyo | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | くちず | kutizu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | くつれど | kuturedo | |
| Causal conjunction | くつれば | kutureba | |
| Conditional conjunction | くちば | kutiba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | くちき | kutiki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | くちけり | kutikeri | |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | くちつ | kutitu | |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | くちぬ | kutinu | |
| Perfect-continuative tense | くちたり | kutitari | |
| Volitional | くちむ | kutimu | |
Etymology 4[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of くつ – see the following entries: 倔, 屈 |
(The following entries are uncreated: 倔, 屈.)
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ “くつ”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “朽”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000