轡

See also: 㘘 and 辔

轡	U+8F61, 轡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F61

← 轠
[U+8F60]

CJK Unified Ideographs

轢 →
[U+8F62]

Translingual

Han character

轡 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+15, 22 strokes, Cangjie input 女火口 (VFR), four-corner 2260₉, composition ⿱𦆕口)

Derived characters

𨏯

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1249, character 37
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38587
Dae Jaweon: page 1728, character 28
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3561, character 9
Unihan data for U+8F61

Chinese

trad.		轡
simp.		辔
alternative forms		𦆕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 轡
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 絲 (“rope”) + 軎 (“carriage part”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pèi (pei⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pì
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵phi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pèi
  - Wade–Giles: pʻei⁴
  - Yale: pèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pey
  - Palladius: пэй (pɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bei³
  - Yale: bei
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei³
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì
  - Tâi-lô: pì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pix
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /pi²¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵phi
  - MiniDict: phi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²phi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰi³⁴/

Middle Chinese: pijH

Rime
Character	轡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	兵媚切
Baxter	pijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠiɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/piɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pji^H/
Li Rong	/pji^H/
Wang Li	/pi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pr[i][t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*prɯds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	轡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pèi
Middle Chinese	‹ pij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pr[i][t]-s/
English	reins
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	轡
Reading #	1/1
No.	9656
Phonetic component	轡
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	祕
Old Chinese	/*prɯds/

Definitions

轡

bridle of horse
reins

Compounds

References

“轡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[5], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

轡

(Hyōgai kanji)

a horse's bit

Readings

Go-on: ひ (hi)
Kan-on: ひ (hi)
Kun: くつわ (kutsuwa)、くつばみ (kutsubami)、たづな (tazuna)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
轡
くつわ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
銜鑣勒鞚鞿

Compound of 口 (kutsu-, “mouth”, the 被(ひ)覆(ふく)形(けい) (hifukukei, “bound form”) of 口(くち) (kuchi, “mouth”)) +‎ 輪 (wa, “ring, hoop”).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Attested since at least 810.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kɯ̟̊t͡sɨβ̞a̠]
(Tokyo) くつわ [kùtsúwá] (Heiban – [0])^[3]^[4]^[5]

Noun

轡(くつわ) • (kutsuwa) ^{←くつわ (kutuwa)^?}

[from 890s] a bit, the piece of horse tack that is an assembly of components that contacts and controls the horse's mouth, and includes the shanks, rings, cheekpads, and mouthpiece
[date uncertain] (now uncommon) a horse's bridle, the straps around the horse's face and head that connect with the bit and the reins
Synonyms: 面繋 (omogai, more common term), 䪊頭 (omozura)
[from 810] (now uncommon) the reins, the rope or strap that connects to the bit and is used to guide the horse's movements
Synonym: 手綱 (tazuna, more common term)
[from late 1630s] (historical) a brothel with a regular staff of prostitutes; someone who runs such a brothel, such as a madam
Synonyms: 轡屋 (kutsuwaya), 忘八 (bōhachi)
[date uncertain] (heraldry) any of several kinds of 家紋 (kamon, “family seal”), featuring a stylized design of the bit ring
[date uncertain] a kind of snack food originating in the Edo period in what is now Aichi Prefecture, consisting of a rice dumpling deep-fried in oil (from its shape resembling the rings of a horse's bit)

Derived terms

轡貝(くつわがい) (kutsuwagai)
轡形(くつわがた) (kutsuwagata)
轡格子(くつわごうじ) (kutsuwagōji)
轡女郎(くつわじょろう) (kutsuwajorō)
轡助(くつわだす)け (kutsuwadasuke)
轡止(くつわど)め (kutsuwadome)
轡虫(クツワムシ) (kutsuwamushi)
轡屋(くつわや) (kutsuwaya)
鏡轡(かがみぐつわ) (kagamigutsuwa)
金轡(かねぐつわ) (kanegutsuwa)
木(こ)の葉轡(はぐつわ) (konohagutsuwa)
逆轡(さかぐつわ) (sakagutsuwa)
猿轡(さるぐつわ) (sarugutsuwa)
銭轡(ぜにくつわ) (zenikutsuwa)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
轡
くつばみ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
銜勒鑣鞿

Compound of 口 (kutsu-, “mouth”, the 被(ひ)覆(ふく)形(けい) (hifukukei, “bound form”) of 口(くち) (kuchi, “mouth”)) +‎ 食み (hami, “bite, biting”, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 食(は)む (hamu, “to bite”).).^[1]^[2]^[3] The hami changes to bami as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Compare the derivation of English bit.

First attested in roughly 810 CE.^[1]

Noun

轡(くつばみ) • (kutsubami) ^{←くつばみ (kutubami)^?}

[date uncertain] (archaic, possibly obsolete) (narrowly) that portion of the bit that goes into the horse's mouth: the bit mouthpiece
Synonym: 馬銜 (hami, more common term)
[date uncertain] (archaic, possibly obsolete) (broadly) a bit, the piece of horse tack that is an assembly of components that contacts and controls the horse's mouth, and includes the shanks, rings, cheekpads, and mouthpiece
Synonym: 轡 (kutsuwa, more common term)

Usage notes

Compare the narrow and broad meanings of the corresponding English word bit, similarly referring either to the mouthpiece portion that goes into the mouth, or to the whole device.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
轡
たづな Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
手綱

Listed in various kanji references as an alternative spelling of 手綱 (tazuna, “rein”). However, regular dictionaries consistently do not list any tazuna reading for this kanji,^[1]^[2]^[3] nor do they list any such 轡 kanji spelling for the word tazuna.^[3]^[4]^[6]^[7]

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 轡 – see the following entry.

【手綱たづな】

[noun] reins

(This term, 轡, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 “轡”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 “轡”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ “手綱”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[3] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ “手綱”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[4] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

“^▲轡”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[6] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pi]
Phonetic hangul: [비]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

轡

轡 (eumhun 고삐 비 (goppi bi))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

轡: Hán Nôm readings: bí

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[NKDc-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 “轡”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DDJS-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 “轡”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-5] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NKDc-tazuna-6] “手綱”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[3] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DDJS-tazuna-7] “手綱”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[4] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

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