daikon

English

Daikons on display in a Japanese supermarket.

Etymology

From Japanese 大根 (daikon, “big root”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdaɪkɒn/
• Rhymes: -aɪkɒn

Noun

daikon (plural daikons or daikon)

1. An East Asian cultivar or subspecies of garden radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, syn. Raphanus sativus) bearing a large, white, carrot-shaped taproot consumed throughout East and South Asia but grown in North America primarily as a fallow crop for its fast-growing leaves (used as animal fodder) and as a soil ripper.
   1. (Japanese cuisine) The usual Japanese cultivar, Japanese radish.
      • 2013, Ruth Ozeki, A Tale for the Time Being, Canongate Books (2019), page 188:

        Jiko was washing these big white daikons, and I was cutting them up and salting them and putting them into plastic freezer bags.

2. Closely-related cultivars such as the enormous turnip-shaped Sakurajima or green-and-red watermelon radish.

Usage notes

Daikon is the most common name in all forms of English, but historical ties to South Asia permit mooli as a general synonym in British English. Other synonyms usually vary by region, so that daikon is sometimes taken to refer specifically to the usual Japanese form; similarly, the term radish may be used, with the regional variety implied by context. In addition, the plant is most often grown in North America for animal fodder or other uses rather than human consumption, producing a third set of synonyms that are almost never encountered in culinary contexts.

Synonyms

large white radishes (culinary)

• Chinese radish
• Chinese white radish
• daikon radish
• icicle radish
• Japanese radish
• lo bak, lo pak
• long white radish
• mooli, muli, moole
• Oriental radish, oriental radish
• Raphanus sativus subsp. Oleiferus
• Raphanus sativus var. hortensis Backer
• Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus L.H. Bailey
• Raphanus sativus var. oleifera Stokes
• Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis Pers.
• white radish

large white radishes (agricultural)

• fodder radish
• forage radish
• Japanese radish
• oil radish, oilseed radish
• radish ripper
• Raphanus sativus subsp. Oleiferus
• Raphanus sativus var. hortensis Backer
• Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus L.H. Bailey
• Raphanus sativus var. oleifera Stokes
• Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis Pers.
• tillage radish
• white radish

giant white radishes

• See Sakurajima radish

related green radishes

• beauty heart radish
• Chinese green radish
• Chinese radish
• Korean radish
• lo bak, lo pak
• Oriental radish, oriental radish
• red daikon
• roseheart radish
• shinrimei, shinrimei radish
• watermelon radish

Hyponyms

• Korean radish
• lo bak
• Sakurajima radish
• true daikon, fodder radish
• watermelon radish

Derived terms

• giant daikon
• jumbo daikon
• Sakurajima daikon

Translations

large white radish

• Arabic: فِجْل (ar) (fijl), دَايْكُون (dāykūn)
• Azerbaijani: ağ turp, daykon, yapon turpu, çin turpu
• Bengali: মূলা (bn) (mula)
• Catalan: daikon, rave blanc, rave japonès, rave xinès, lo bok, mooli
• Chamorro: daigo
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 蘿蔔 / 萝卜 (lo⁴ baak⁶), 白蘿蔔 / 白萝卜 (baak⁶ lo⁴ baak⁶)

  Hakka: 蘿蔔 / 萝卜 (lò-phe̍t)

  Hokkien: 菜頭 / 菜头 (zh-min-nan) (chhài-thâu)

  Mandarin: 白蘿蔔 / 白萝卜 (zh) (báiluóbo), 蘿蔔 / 萝卜 (zh) (luóbo), 菜頭 / 菜头 (zh) (càitóu) (Taiwan)

  Xiang: 水蘿蔔 / 水萝卜 (xyei³ lo² bu)

• Czech: ředkev setá bílá, daikon
• Danish: Kinaradisen, Japan-Ræddike
• Dutch: Daikon, witte rammenas (nl), winter-radijs, Japanse radijs, Chinese radijs
• Esperanto: dajkono
• Finnish: valkoretikka (fi)
• French: radis blanc (fr), radis d'hiver (fr) m, radis chinois, daïkon (fr) m, radis japonais m
• German: Daikon m, chinesischer Rettich m, Daikon-Rettich m, Japanischer Rettich, Winterrettich, Mooli
• Greek: νταϊκόν n (ntaïkón)
• Hindi: मूली (hi) f (mūlī)
• Hungarian: daikon (hu), japán retek, kínai retek, jégcsapretek (hu)
• Indonesian: lobak (id), daikon
• Italian: daikon f, ravanello cinese, ravanello giapponese, ravanello invernale
• Japanese: 大根 (ja) (だいこん, daikon), 蘿蔔 (ja) (rafuku)
• Khmer: ឆៃថាវ (km) (chaythaaw)
• Korean: 무 (ko) (mu), 조선무 (joseonmu)
• Latvian: Japānas redīss m
• Malay: lobak (ms), lobak putih
• Manchu: ᠮᡠᡵᠰᠠ (mursa)
• Marathi: दाइकोन m (dāikon)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: цагаан лууван (cagaan luuvan), лууван (mn) (luuvan) (China)

  Mongolian: ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ
  ᠯᠤᠤᠪᠠᠩ (čaɣan luubang), ᠯᠤᠤᠪᠠᠩ (luubang)

• Persian: دایکون
• Polish: rzodkiew japońska f, daikon (pl) m
• Portuguese: daikon m
• Russian: дайко́н (ru) m (dajkón), япо́нская ре́дька f (japónskaja rédʹka), кита́йская ре́дька f (kitájskaja rédʹka)
• Spanish: rábano blanco
• Swedish: trädgårdsrättika
• Thai: ผักกาดหัว
• Turkish: daikon, Beyaz Turp, Japon turpu, Oryantal turp, Çin turp,
• Ukrainian: дайко́н m (dajkón), япо́нська ре́дька f (japónsʹka rédʹka), кита́йська ре́дька f (kytájsʹka rédʹka)
• Urdu: مولی (molī)
• Vietnamese: củ cải trắng

Further reading

• daikon on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

References

• Raphanus sativus at USDA Plants database
• Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus at Plants of the World Online
• Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "mooli, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2002.

Anagrams

• nodiak

Finnish

Etymology

From Japanese 大根 (daikon).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɑi̯kon/, [ˈdɑ̝i̯ko̞n]
• Rhymes: -ɑikon
• Syllabification^(key): dai‧kon
• Hyphenation^(key): dai‧kon

Noun

daikon

1. synonym of valkoretikka (“daikon”)

Declension

Inflection of daikon (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)
nominative		daikon	daikonit
genitive		daikonin	daikonien daikoneiden daikoneitten
partitive		daikonia	daikoneita daikoneja
illative		daikoniin	daikoneihin
		singular	plural
nominative		daikon	daikonit
accusative	nom.	daikon	daikonit
	gen.	daikonin
genitive		daikonin	daikonien daikoneiden daikoneitten
partitive		daikonia	daikoneita daikoneja
inessive		daikonissa	daikoneissa
elative		daikonista	daikoneista
illative		daikoniin	daikoneihin
adessive		daikonilla	daikoneilla
ablative		daikonilta	daikoneilta
allative		daikonille	daikoneille
essive		daikonina	daikoneina
translative		daikoniksi	daikoneiksi
abessive		daikonitta	daikoneitta
instructive		—	daikonein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of daikon (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative daikonini daikonini accusative nom. daikonini daikonini gen. daikonini genitive daikonini daikonieni daikoneideni daikoneitteni partitive daikoniani daikoneitani daikonejani inessive daikonissani daikoneissani elative daikonistani daikoneistani illative daikoniini daikoneihini adessive daikonillani daikoneillani ablative daikoniltani daikoneiltani allative daikonilleni daikoneilleni essive daikoninani daikoneinani translative daikonikseni daikoneikseni abessive daikonittani daikoneittani instructive — — comitative — daikoneineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative daikonisi daikonisi accusative nom. daikonisi daikonisi gen. daikonisi genitive daikonisi daikoniesi daikoneidesi daikoneittesi partitive daikoniasi daikoneitasi daikonejasi inessive daikonissasi daikoneissasi elative daikonistasi daikoneistasi illative daikoniisi daikoneihisi adessive daikonillasi daikoneillasi ablative daikoniltasi daikoneiltasi allative daikonillesi daikoneillesi essive daikoninasi daikoneinasi translative daikoniksesi daikoneiksesi abessive daikonittasi daikoneittasi instructive — — comitative — daikoneinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative daikonimme daikonimme accusative nom. daikonimme daikonimme gen. daikonimme genitive daikonimme daikoniemme daikoneidemme daikoneittemme partitive daikoniamme daikoneitamme daikonejamme inessive daikonissamme daikoneissamme elative daikonistamme daikoneistamme illative daikoniimme daikoneihimme adessive daikonillamme daikoneillamme ablative daikoniltamme daikoneiltamme allative daikonillemme daikoneillemme essive daikoninamme daikoneinamme translative daikoniksemme daikoneiksemme abessive daikonittamme daikoneittamme instructive — — comitative — daikoneinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative daikoninne daikoninne accusative nom. daikoninne daikoninne gen. daikoninne genitive daikoninne daikonienne daikoneidenne daikoneittenne partitive daikonianne daikoneitanne daikonejanne inessive daikonissanne daikoneissanne elative daikonistanne daikoneistanne illative daikoniinne daikoneihinne adessive daikonillanne daikoneillanne ablative daikoniltanne daikoneiltanne allative daikonillenne daikoneillenne essive daikoninanne daikoneinanne translative daikoniksenne daikoneiksenne abessive daikonittanne daikoneittanne instructive — — comitative — daikoneinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative daikoninsa daikoninsa accusative nom. daikoninsa daikoninsa gen. daikoninsa genitive daikoninsa daikoniensa daikoneidensa daikoneittensa partitive daikoniaan daikoniansa daikoneitaan daikonejaan daikoneitansa daikonejansa inessive daikonissaan daikonissansa daikoneissaan daikoneissansa elative daikonistaan daikonistansa daikoneistaan daikoneistansa illative daikoniinsa daikoneihinsa adessive daikonillaan daikonillansa daikoneillaan daikoneillansa ablative daikoniltaan daikoniltansa daikoneiltaan daikoneiltansa allative daikonilleen daikonillensa daikoneilleen daikoneillensa essive daikoninaan daikoninansa daikoneinaan daikoneinansa translative daikonikseen daikoniksensa daikoneikseen daikoneiksensa abessive daikonittaan daikonittansa daikoneittaan daikoneittansa instructive — — comitative — daikoneineen daikoneinensa

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 大根(だいこん) (daikon, literally “big root”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /daˈikon/ [daˈi.kɔn]
• Rhymes: -ikon
• Syllabification: dai‧kon

Noun

daikon (plural daikon-daikon)

1. daikon

   Synonym: lobak

Further reading

• “daikon”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Japanese

Romanization

daikon

1. Rōmaji transcription of だいこん

Portuguese

Noun

daikon m (plural daikons)

1. (botany) daikon (a large East Asian radish cultivar)