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多い

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
おお
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Etymology

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From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *əpə. Cognate with 大きい (ōkii, big, large) and Proto-Ryukyuan *opo (whence Okinawan 多さん (ufusan)).

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 多い
Plain 多い おい
[óꜜòì]
[òóꜜì]
Conjunctive 多くて おくて
くて
[óꜜòkùtè]
[òóꜜkùtè]
Continuative 多く おく
[óꜜòkù]
[òóꜜkù]
Negative 多くない おくない
くない
[óꜜòkù nàì]
[òóꜜkù nàì]
Past 多かった おかった
かった
[óꜜòkàttà]
[òóꜜkàttà]
Negative past 多くなかった おくなかった
くなかった
[óꜜòkù nàkàttà]
[òóꜜkù nàkàttà]
Conditional 多ければ おければ
ければ
[óꜜòkèrèbà]
[òóꜜkèrèbà]
Terminal 多い おい
[óꜜòì]
[òóꜜì]
Formal 多いです おいです
いです
[óꜜòì dèsù]
[òóꜜì dèsù]

Adjective

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(おお) (ōiおほい (ofoi)?-i (adverbial (おお) (ōku))

  1. there are many, there is much, there are numerous, there is an abundance, there amply exists, abounding
    ここは、(ひと)(おお)です。
    Koko wa, hito ga ōidesu.
    Here, people amply exist > This place has many people.
    今年(ことし)は、(ゆき)(おお)です。
    Kotoshi wa, yuki ga ōidesu.
    This year, the snow amply exists > It snows much this year.
    リンゴの(かず)は、ミカンより(おお)です。
    Ringo no kazu wa, mikan yori ōidesu.
    The number of apples has more abundance than oranges > The number of apples is greater than the number of oranges.

Usage notes

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  • 多い cannot modify a noun to mean the referents of the noun are many.
    • Incorrect:
      *(おお)(ひと)*ōi hito*amply exist people
    • Correct:
      ()(ども)(おお)(ひと)kodomo ga ōi hitoa person whose children amply exist > a person with many children
      (ひと)(かず)(おお)hito no kazu ga ōithe number of people amply exist → there are many people
    • To modify a noun, use (おお) (ōku no), たくさん (takusan no), (かず)(おお) (kazuōi), etc.

Inflection

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Synonyms

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Antonyms

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References

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  1. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN