大蒜

Chinese

		big; great; huge big; great; huge; large; major; wide; deep; oldest; eldest; doctor	garlic
trad. (大蒜)		大	蒜
simp. #(大蒜)		大	蒜

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): dàsuàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄙㄨㄢˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): da⁴ suan⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): daai⁶ syun³
• Gan (Wiktionary): tai⁵ son⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thai-son

  (Meixian, Guangdong): tai⁴ son⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶da-soe
• Xiang

  (Changsha, Wiktionary): dai⁵ sonn⁴

  (Hengyang, Wiktionary): dai⁵ sun

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dàsuàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄙㄨㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dàsuàn
    • Wade–Giles: ta⁴-suan⁴
    • Yale: dà-swàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dahsuann
    • Palladius: дасуань (dasuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯än⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: da⁴ suan⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dasuan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ta²¹³ suan²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: daai⁶ syun³
    • Yale: daaih syun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: daai⁶ syn³
    • Guangdong Romanization: dai⁶ xun³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːi̯²² syːn³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: tai⁵ son⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰai¹¹ sɵn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thai-son
    • Hakka Romanization System: tai son
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tai⁴ son⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯⁵⁵ son⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: tai⁴ son⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sɔn⁵³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶da-soe
    • MiniDict: da^去 soe
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³da-soe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /da²² sø⁴⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: dai⁵ sonn⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ sõ⁴⁵/
  • (Hengyang)
    • Wiktionary: dai⁵ sun
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥ai̯²¹³ su̯ən³/

---

• Middle Chinese: dajH|daH swanH

Rime
Character	大	大	蒜
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	定 (7)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	歌 (94)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	徒蓋切	唐佐切	蘇貫切
Baxter	dajH	daH	swanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/suɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/sʷɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/suɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dajH/	/daH/	/swanH/
Li Rong	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/suɑnH/
Wang Li	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/suɑnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱɑiH/	/dʱɑH/	/suɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dài	duò	suàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daai6	do6	syun3

Noun

大蒜

大蒜

1. garlic (Classifier: 頭／头; 瓣)

   一瓣大蒜  ―  yī bàn dàsuàn  ―  a clove of garlic

Synonyms

• (Cantonese) 蒜子 (suànzǐ)
• (Hakka, Hokkien) 蒜仔

Derived terms

• 大蒜效應 / 大蒜效应
• 大蒜粉 (dàsuànfěn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (大蒜):

• → Korean: 대산(大蒜) (daesan)

See also

• 蒜頭／蒜头 (suàntóu)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
大	蒜
にんにく
Grade: 1	Hyōgai
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
蒜 葫 忍辱

First attested in the Setsuyōshū (1469-1487).

Origin uncertain. There are two leading theories.

• Deriving ultimately from some compound and shift of 匂い (nioi, “smell, scent”) + 憎い (nikui, “hateful; bitter”). Possible progression:

⟨nipopi₁⟩ + ⟨niku⟩ → */nipopi niku/ → */nipniku/ → /ninniku/

• Deriving as a shift in meaning from Buddhist term 忍辱 (ninniku, “patience, forbearance, forgiveness”). Apparently garlic was seen as stimulating, and as such it was a forbidden food and monks would have to forbear from eating it, possibly giving rise to use of the term as a euphemism.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) にんにく [nìńníkú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ĩɲ̟ːikɯ̟]

• (Kyoto) にんにく [nínníkú] (Kōki – [0])

Noun

大蒜(にんにく) or 大蒜(ニンニク) • (ninniku) 

1. [from 1469] garlic

   Synonyms: ガーリック (gārikku), 蒜 (hiru), 大蒜 (ōbiru, obsolete), にもじ (nimoji, woman's language, obsolete), ろくとう (rokutō, dialect, obsolete)

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ニンニク.

Derived terms

• 行者葫(ぎょうじゃにんにく) (gyōjaninniku)
• 浜蒜(はまにんにく) (hamaninniku)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
大	蒜
ににく
Grade: 1	Hyōgai
jukujikun

From 大蒜 (ninniku).

Noun

大蒜(ににく) • (niniku) 

1. [from 1379] (obsolete or dialectal) garlic

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
大	蒜
おお Grade: 1	ひる > びる Hyōgai
kun'yomi

大 (ō, “big”) +‎ 蒜 (hiru, “allium; garlic”). First attested in the Shinsen Jikyō (898-901).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o̞ːbʲiɾɯ̟]

• (Kyoto) おーび​る [òòbírù] (Teiki)

• Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent

• (the Heian period) LLLL

※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References:

Noun

大(おお)蒜(びる) • (ōbiru) ^{←おほびる (ofobiru)?}

1. (obsolete or dialectal) garlic

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
大	蒜
おお Grade: 1	にんにく Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 大蒜 – see the following entry: 大大蒜

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: 大大蒜.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
大	蒜

Noun

大蒜 • (daesan) (hangeul 대산)

1. hanja form^? of 대산 (“garlic”)