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U+849C, 蒜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-849C

[U+849B]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+849D]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 140, +10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿一火火 (TMFF), four-corner 44991, composition )

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1048, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31562
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1510, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3259, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+849C

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. #
2nd round simp.
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *sloːns): semantic + phonetic (OC *sloːns).

Etymology[edit]

Matisoff considers this to be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swa-n (garlic), but more likely this may be a plant imported from the Western Regions in the QinHan era. The relatively late attestation and the earlier form of 卵蒜 (luǎnsuàn) attest to the latter theory.

Compare Sanskrit शुन (laśuna), Pali lasuṇa, lasuna. The Old Chinese reconstruction was revised to a *-or rhyme in the Baxter–Sagart system, akin to its homophone (“to calculate”). Hence compare Persian سیر (sir, garlic), Khotanese sārmā- (the plant Basella cordifolia or B. lucida or B. rubra), Hungarian sárma (Ornithogalum sp.), as well as Turkish sarımsak, Mongolian саримс (sarims).

Either way this word is cognate with the second syllable of Burmese ကြက်သွန် (krakswan, onion), ကြက်သွန်ဖြူ (krakswanhpru, garlic).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • soàn - literary;
  • sǹg - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (16)
    Final () (62)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter swanH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /suɑnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /sʷɑnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /suɑnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /swanH/
    Li
    Rong
    /suɑnH/
    Wang
    Li
    /suɑnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /suɑnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    suàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    syun3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    suàn
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ swanH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[s]ˁor-s/
    English garlic

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12133
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sloːns/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. garlic

    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • Lisu: ꓢꓪꓮꓠꓸ (swɑ́n)

    Japanese[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    Kanji[edit]

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    にんにく
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings
    大蒜

    忍辱

    Origin uncertain. There are two leading theories.

    ⟨nipopi1 + ⟨niku⟩ → */nipopi niku/ → */nipniku//ninniku/

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (にんにく) or (ニンニク) (ninniku

    1. [date uncertain] garlic
    Usage notes[edit]

    As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ニンニク.

    Derived terms[edit]

    Further reading[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    ひる
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *peru (garlic). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[3]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ひる) (hiru

    1. [from 712] allium
    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
    3. ^ 蒜・葫”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

    Kikai[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    Hyōgaiji
    Alternative spelling

    Cognate with Japanese (ひる) (hiru).

    Noun[edit]

    (ふぃる) (firu

    1. garlic

    References[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (san) (hangeul , revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    Hyōgaiji
    Alternative spelling

    Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ひる.[1]

    Noun[edit]

    (ひる) (hiru

    1. garlic

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/77

    Yoron[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    Hyōgaiji
    Alternative spelling

    Cognate with Japanese (ひる) (hiru).

    Noun[edit]

    (ぴる) (piru

    1. garlic

    References[edit]