Jump to content

石油

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Chinese

[edit]
rock; stone; 10 pecks oil; sly
simp. and trad.
(石油) 		石 油
Literally: “rock oil”.

Etymology

[edit]

First attested in 1086–1093, in Shen Kuo's Dream Pool Essays, where the oil was used as ink by the author:

黑光如漆，松墨不及也，遂大為之，其識文為「延川石液」者是也。此物後必大行於世，自余始為之。蓋石油至多，生於地中無窮，不若松木有時而竭。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
黑光如漆，松墨不及也，遂大为之，其识文为「延川石液」者是也。此物后必大行于世，自余始为之。盖石油至多，生于地中无穷，不若松木有时而竭。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
From: c. 1088 CE, Shen Kuo, Dream Pool Essays
Hēi guāng rú qī, sōngmò bùjí yě, suì dà wéi zhī, qí zhì wén wéi “Yánchuān shí yè” zhě shìyě. Cǐ wù hòu bì dàxíng yú shì, zì yú shǐ wéi zhī. Gài shíyóu zhìduō, shēng yú dì zhōng wúqióng, bùruò sōngmù yǒushí ér jié. [Pinyin]
The quality of this kind of ink stick is even better than the one made of pine soot. Hence such ink stick is manufactured in large quantities, “Yanzhou Stone Liquid” being the label carved on its surface. I am the first to make this kind of ink stick and I believe that it will one day become popular, because there is plenty of petroleum in the world gushing from the ground in a steady stream, contrary to the fact that pine trees may sometime be depleted.

Compare petroleum with a nearly identical word-formation.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 石 油
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Initial (聲) 常 (25) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 昔 (123) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 常隻切 以周切
Baxter dzyek yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/ /jɨu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiɛk̚/ /jiu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑiæk̚/ /iəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑiajk̚/ /juw/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiɛk̚/ /iu/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭɛk̚/ /jĭəu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯ɛk̚/ /i̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shí yóu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sik6 jau4

Noun

[edit]

石油

  1. oil; petroleum
    石油鑽塔／石油钻塔  ―  shíyóu zuàntǎ  ―  oil rig
    石油鑽台／石油钻台  ―  shíyóu zuàntái  ―  oil rig
  2. (dated or dialectal) kerosene
  3. (Xiang, dated) petrol

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (kerosene):
Dialectal synonyms of 煤油 (“kerosene”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 煤油
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 煤油
Taiwan 煤油
Langfang 煤油
Chengde 煤油, 火油
Chifeng 煤油, 洋油, 火油
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 煤油, 火油
Heihe 煤油, 洋油
Qiqihar 煤油, 洋油
Harbin 煤油, 洋油, 火油
Jiamusi 煤油, 洋油
Baicheng 煤油, 洋油
Changchun 煤油, 洋油
Tonghua 洋油
Shenyang 煤油, 洋油, 火油
Jinzhou 煤油, 洋油, 火油
Singapore 煤油
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 煤油
Tangshan 煤油, 洋油
Cangzhou 煤油
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 煤油
Baoding 煤油, 洋油
Shijiazhuang 煤油, 洋油
Lijin 煤油
Jinan 煤油, 洋油
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 火油
Dandong 煤油, 火油
Yantai 火油
Yantai (Muping) 火油
Qingdao 煤油, 洋油, 火油
Zhucheng 火油
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 洋油
Lingbao 煤油
Jining 煤油, 洋油
Daming 洋油
Linfen 煤油
Shangqiu 煤油, 洋油
Yuanyang 煤油, 洋油
Zhengzhou 洋油
Xinyang 洋油
Ankang 煤油, 洋油
Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin) 煤油, 洋油
Baihe 煤油, 洋油
Baihe (Maoping) 煤油, 洋油
Xi'an 煤油, 洋油
Dingbian 煤油
Baoji 煤油, 洋油, 火油
Tianshui 煤油
Xining 煤油, 洋油 dated
Xuzhou 煤油, 洋油
Fuyang 煤油, 洋油
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 洋燈油
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 煤油
Lanzhou 煤油
Dunhuang 煤油, 火油
Hami 石油
Ürümqi 石油
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 煤油, 洋油 dated
Nanchong 煤油, 洋油
Nanbu 煤油, 洋油
Dazhou 煤油, 洋油
Hanyuan 洋油
Xichang 煤油, 洋油
Zigong 煤油, 洋油
Chongqing 煤油, 洋油
Wuhan 煤油, 洋油
Yichang 煤油, 洋油
Xiangyang 煤油, 洋油
Tianmen 煤油, 洋油
Guiyang 煤油, 洋油
Zunyi 煤油, 洋油
Bijie 煤油
Liping 煤油
Zhaotong 水火油
Dali 洋油, 水火油
Kunming 煤油, 水火油
Mengzi 水火油
Guilin 煤油, 洋油
Guilin (Lingui) 洋油
Pingle 煤油, 水火油
Liuzhou 煤油, 洋油, 火水, 火水油, 火油, 水火油 dated
Liuzhou (Luorong) 洋油
Luzhai 煤油, 水火油
Nanning (Fujian) 火油
Nanning (Wuming) 火油, 洋油, 煤油
Binyang (Nanjie) 水油
Hechi (Yizhou) 火油, 煤油, 水火油, 火水油
Luocheng (Dongmen) 火油, 水火油
Tianlin (Langping) 火油
Tianlin (Pingtang) 火油
Jishou 煤油, 洋油
Changde 煤油, 洋油
Yongzhou 煤油, 洋油
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 煤油
Shiquan 煤油, 洋油
Ziyang 煤油, 洋油
Hanzhong 煤油, 洋油
Kokang 洋油, 火油
Dagudi (Maliba) 洋油, 煤油
Reshuitang (Longling) 洋油, 煤油
Mae Salong (Lancang) 煤油
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 洋油
Oudomxay 水火油
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 煤油, 洋油 dated
Yangzhou 洋油, 煤油, 火油
Lianyungang 煤油, 洋油
Lianshui 洋油, 火油
Xinghua 洋油, 煤油, 火油
Nantong 洋油, 火油
Anqing 煤油, 洋油
Wuhu 煤油, 洋油
Hefei 煤油, 洋油
Chuzhou 洋油 dated
Hong'an 煤油, 洋油
Mandarin Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) 臭油
Cantonese Guangzhou 火水
Hong Kong 火水
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 火水
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 火水
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 火水
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 火水
Macau 火水
Guangzhou (Panyu) 火水
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 火水, 火水油
Guangzhou (Conghua) 火水
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 火水
Foshan 火水
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 火水
Foshan (Shunde) 火水
Foshan (Sanshui) 火水
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 火水
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 火水
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 火水
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 火水
Zhuhai (Doumen) 火水
Jiangmen (Baisha) 火水
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 火水
Taishan 火水
Taishan (Guanghai) 煤油, 煤氣油
Kaiping (Chikan) 火水
Enping (Niujiang) 火水
Heshan (Yayao) 煤油, 火水
Dongguan 火水
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 火水
Yangjiang 火水
Nanning 火油, 火水油
Yulin 火水
Guiping 煤油
Guiping (Jintian) 水油
Guiping (Jiangkou) 火油
Guiping (Madong) 煤油, 火水
Mengshan (Xihe) 火油
Guigang (Nanjiang) 火水油
Beiliu (Tangliao) 火油
Baise 火油, 煤油
Bobai 火水油
Lingshan 火油
Pubei 火水油
Qinzhou 火油, 水火油, 煤油
Beihai 火水油, 火水
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 火水油
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 火水油
Ningming 火油
Hengzhou 火油
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 火油
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 火水
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 火水
Móng Cái 火水油
Yangon (Taishan) 火水
Mandalay (Taishan) 煤油
Gan Nanchang 煤油, 洋油
Poyang 洋油
Yugan 洋油
Wannian 洋油
Yiyang, Jiangxi 洋油
Hengfeng 洋油
Yanshan (Hekou) 洋油
Lichuan 洋油
Pingxiang 洋油
Hakka Meixian 洋油, 火水
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 火水
Huiyang 火水
Dongguan (Qingxi) 火水
Boluo (Bendihua) 火水
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 火水
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 火水
Wuhua (Huacheng) 洋油, 火水
Heyuan (Bendihua) 火水
Zijin 火水
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 火水
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 火水
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 火水
Liannan 水油, 水火油
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 火水
Jiexi 番油, 水油
Changting 洋油
Wuping 洋油
Ninghua 洋油
Yudu 洋油
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 煤油, 水油
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 煤油, 水油
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 煤油, 水油
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 煤油, 水油
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 煤油, 水油
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 煤油, 水油
Hong Kong 火水
Luchuan 火水
Bobai (Shahe) 火水油
Bobai (Longtan) 水油
Bobai (Lingping) 火水油
Beiliu (Tang'an) 火油
Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) 火水, 煤油
Mashan (Pianlian) 火油
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 洋油, 火油, 煤油
Senai (Huiyang) 火水
Singkawang 泥油
Pontianak (Meixian) 泥油
Huizhou Jixi 煤油, 洋油 dated
Shexian 煤油, 洋油
Wuyuan 煤油
Dexing 洋油
Jin Taiyuan 煤油, 洋油
Yangyuan 煤油
Datong 煤油
Datong (Yunzhou) 煤油
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 煤油
Xinzhou 煤油
Lüliang (Lishi) 煤油
Changzhi 煤油, 洋油
Linhe 煤油
Jining 煤油
Hohhot 煤油
Erenhot 煤油
Pingshan 煤油, 洋油
Zhangjiakou 煤油
Handan 煤油, 洋油
Linzhou 洋油
Suide 煤油
Jiuxing Yumin Jiande 洋油, 煤油
Jinhua 洋油, 煤油
Lanxi 洋油, 煤油
Tunxi 洋油, 煤油
Northern Min Jian'ou 洋油
Eastern Min Fuzhou 洋油
Gutian 洋油
Southern Min Xiamen 塗油, 臭油, 汽油, 番仔油
Quanzhou 塗油, 臭油
Jinjiang 塗油
Yongchun 塗油
Zhangzhou 塗油, 臭油
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 塗油, 番仔油
Taipei 臭油
New Taipei (Sanxia) 番仔油
Kaohsiung 臭油
Yilan 臭油
Changhua (Lukang) 番仔油
Taichung 番仔油
Tainan 臭油
Hsinchu 水油
Penghu (Magong) 臭油
Pingnan (Shangdu) 煤油
Guilin (Biyange) 洋油, 煤油
Chaozhou 火油
Shantou 水油, 火水油, 火油
Jieyang 火油, 火水, 火水油
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 塗油
Pontianak (Teochew) 塗油
Leizhou 火水
Haikou 火水
Puxian Min Putian 火油, 番囝油
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 火油, 番囝油
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 番囝油
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 臭油
Xianyou 火油, 番囝油
Xianyou (Fengting) 火油, 番囝油
Xianyou (Youyang) 火油, 番囝油
Central Min Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 煤油
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 火水
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 火油, 水油 dated, 水火油 dated
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Chaoyang) 煤油
Guilin (Dongbianzhou) 煤油
Guilin (Zhuyuan) 煤油
Guilin (Yangjia) 洋油
Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 洋油
Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 火油
Lingchuan (Tanxia) 煤油
Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 煤油
Yangshuo (Jima) 水火油
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 煤油
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 洋油
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 煤油
Luxi (Lijiatian) 煤油
Chengbu (Xuntou) 煤油
Wu Shanghai 煤油, 火油, 洋油 dated
Shanghai (Songjiang) 洋油
Shanghai (Jiading) 洋油
Shanghai (Chongming) 洋油, 火油
Suzhou 洋油, 火油
Danyang 洋油, 火油
Hangzhou 洋油, 火油
Ningbo 洋油, 火油
Wenzhou 洋油
Jinhua 煤油, 洋油
Yiwu 洋油
Shangrao 洋油
Shangrao (Guangfeng) 洋油
Yushan 洋油
Xiang Changsha 煤油, 洋油
Loudi 洋油
Shuangfeng 煤油, 洋油
Hengyang 煤油, 洋油
Hengshan 煤油, 洋油 dated
Hengshan (Baiguo) 煤油, 洋油 dated
Quanzhou 洋油
Guanyang (Wenshi) 水火油
  • (petrol):
Dialectal synonyms of 汽油 (“petrol; gasoline”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 汽油
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 汽油
Taiwan 汽油
Chengde 汽油
Chifeng 汽油
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 汽油
Heihe 汽油
Qiqihar 汽油
Harbin 汽油
Jiamusi 汽油
Baicheng 汽油
Changchun 汽油
Tonghua 汽油
Shenyang 汽油
Jinzhou 汽油
Singapore 汽油
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 汽油
Tangshan 汽油
Cangzhou 汽油
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 汽油
Baoding 汽油
Shijiazhuang 汽油
Lijin 汽油
Jinan 汽油
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 汽油
Dandong 汽油, 汽發油
Yantai 汽油
Yantai (Muping) 汽油
Qingdao 汽油
Zhucheng 汽油
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 汽油
Jining 汽油
Linfen 汽油
Shangqiu 汽油
Yuanyang 汽油
Zhengzhou 汽油
Xinyang 汽油
Ankang 汽油, 洋油
Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin) 汽油, 洋油
Baihe 汽油
Baihe (Maoping) 汽油, 洋油
Xi'an 汽油
Dingbian 汽油
Baoji 汽油
Tianshui 汽油
Xining 汽油
Xuzhou 汽油
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 汽油
Lanzhou 汽油
Dunhuang 汽油
Hami 汽油
Ürümqi 汽油
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 汽油
Nanchong 汽油
Nanbu 汽油
Dazhou 汽油
Hanyuan 汽油
Xichang 汽油
Zigong 汽油
Chongqing 汽油
Wuhan 汽油
Yichang 汽油
Xiangyang 汽油
Tianmen 汽油
Guiyang 汽油
Zunyi 汽油
Bijie 汽油
Liping 汽油
Zhaotong 汽油
Dali 汽油
Kunming 汽油
Mengzi 汽油
Guilin 汽油
Pingle 汽油
Liuzhou 汽油
Luzhai 汽油
Nanning (Fujian) 汽油
Nanning (Wuming) 汽油
Binyang (Nanjie) 汽油
Hechi (Yizhou) 汽油
Luocheng (Dongmen) 汽油
Tianlin (Langping) 汽油
Jishou 汽油
Changde 汽油
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 汽油
Shiquan 汽油, 洋油
Ziyang 汽油, 洋油
Hanzhong 汽油
Dagudi (Maliba) 汽油
Reshuitang (Longling) 汽油
Mae Salong (Lancang) 汽油
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 汽油
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 汽油
Yangzhou 汽油
Lianyungang 汽油
Lianshui 汽油
Nantong 汽油
Anqing 汽油
Wuhu 汽油
Hefei 汽油
Hong'an 汽油
Cantonese Guangzhou 電油
Hong Kong 電油, 油
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 電油
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 電油
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 電油
Taishan 車油
Kaiping (Chikan) 電油
Dongguan 電油
Yangjiang 電油
Beihai 電油
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 汽油, 電油
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 電油
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 汽油
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 電油
Móng Cái 電油
Gan Nanchang 汽油
Hakka Meixian 汽油, 電油
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 汽油, 加所輪
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 汽油, 加所輪
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 汽油, 加所輪
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 汽油, 加所輪
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 汽油, 加所輪
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 汽油, 發油, 加所輪
Hong Kong 電油
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 汽油
Huizhou Shexian 汽油
Jin Taiyuan 汽油
Yangyuan 汽油
Datong 汽油
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 汽油
Xinzhou 汽油
Lüliang (Lishi) 汽油
Changzhi 汽油
Linhe 汽油
Jining 汽油
Hohhot 汽油
Erenhot 汽油
Pingshan 汽油
Zhangjiakou 汽油
Handan 汽油
Linzhou 汽油
Suide 汽油
Northern Min Jian'ou 汽油
Eastern Min Fuzhou 汽油
Southern Min Xiamen 電油, 番仔油, 番油
Quanzhou 電油, 番仔油, 番油
Zhangzhou 電油, 番仔油, 番油
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 電油
Taipei ga-só͘-lín, 汽油
New Taipei (Sanxia) ga-só͘-lín, 汽油
Kaohsiung ga-só͘-lín, 汽油
Yilan ga-só͘-lín, 汽油
Changhua (Lukang) ga-só͘-lín, 汽油
Taichung 汽油, ga-só͘-lín
Tainan ga-só͘-lín, 汽油
Hsinchu 水油, ga-só͘-lín
Kinmen 汽油
Penghu (Magong) 汽油
Penang (Hokkien) 車油, 電油
Singapore (Hokkien) 電油
Manila (Hokkien) 車油, 電油, 汽油
Guilin (Biyange) 汽油
Chaozhou 電油
Haikou 電油
Puxian Min Putian 汽油, 便升
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 汽油
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 汽油, 便升
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 汽油
Xianyou 汽油
Xianyou (Fengting) 汽油
Xianyou (Youyang) 汽油
Central Min Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 汽油
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 電油
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 汽油
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dongbianzhou) 汽油
Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 汽油
Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 汽油
Waxiang Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 汽油
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 汽油
Luxi (Lijiatian) 汽油
Chengbu (Xuntou) 汽油
Wu Shanghai 汽油, 隑斯林
Shanghai (Songjiang) 汽油, 隑斯林
Shanghai (Chongming) 隑斯林
Suzhou 汽油, 隑斯林
Danyang 汽油
Hangzhou 汽油, 隑斯林
Ningbo 汽油
Wenzhou 汽油, 隑斯林
Jinhua 汽油
Xiang Changsha 汽油, 石油 dated
Loudi 汽油
Shuangfeng 汽油
Hengyang 汽油
Hengshan 汽油
Hengshan (Baiguo) 汽油

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (石油):
  • → Japanese: 石(せき)油(ゆ) (sekiyu)
  • → Korean: 석유(石油) (seogyu)

Japanese

[edit]
Kanji in this term
石 油
せき
Grade: 1 		ゆ
Grade: 3
on'yomi

Noun

[edit]

石(せき)油(ゆ) • (sekiyu) 

  1. oil, petroleum
  2. kerosene

Synonyms

[edit]
[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

[edit]
Hanja in this term
石油

Noun

[edit]

石油 • (seogyu) (hangeul 석유)

  1. hanja form? of 석유 (“petroleum”)
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=石油&oldid=84761556"