Jurchen

English

Alternative forms

• Jurched, Jurchet
• Jurgen (uncommon)

Etymology

Siberians capturing a reindeer

From a reconstruction of Jurchen *jörcen, attested via Middle Chinese 竹里真 (ʈɨuk̚ lɨ^X t͡ɕiɪn) and Khitan 𘲮𘯤𘰭 (*ju rả n), developed under the influence of Manchu ᠵᡠᡵᠴᡳᡨ (jurcit) and Classical Mongolian ᠵᠦᠷᠴᠢᠳ (ǰürčid). Vajda argues for a derivation from a Proto-Tungusic word meaning "reindeer people", cognate with the Orochs of Russia's Khabarovsk Province and the Oroks of Sakhalin.

Noun

Jurchen (plural Jurchens or Jurchen)

1. A member of a medieval and early modern Tungusic people, progenitors of the Manchus.

   Synonyms: Nurchen, Nuzhen, Nuchen, Nuzhi, Nuchih, (inexact) Jin, (obsolete) Eastern Tartars, (obsolete) Golden Tartars

Translations

Tungusic people

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 女真 (zh) (Nǚzhēn)

• Finnish: džurtšen (fi)
• Japanese: 女真 (じょしん, Joshin)
• Jurchen: [script needed] (dʒu-ʃə)
• Kazakh: шүршіт (şürşıt)
• Korean: 여진(女眞) (ko) (yeojin)
• Manchu: ᠵᡠᡧᡝᠨ (jušen)
• Mongolian: зүрчид (mn) (zürčid), зөрчид (mn) (zörčid), жүрчид (mn) (žürčid)
• Polish: dżurdżen m, dżurdżenka f
• Russian: чжурчжэ́нь (ru) m or f (čžurčžɛ́nʹ), чжуличжэ́нь m or f (čžuličžɛ́nʹ), нюйчжэ́нь m or f (njujčžɛ́nʹ), нюйчжи́ m or f (njujčží)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Roman: džurdži m pl

• Uyghur: جۇرجىت (jurjit)
• Vietnamese: Nữ Chân (女真)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Russian: чжуржэнь (čžuržɛnʹ)

Proper noun

Jurchen

1. An extinct Tungusic language (code jur), related to Manchu.

   Synonym: Nurchen

Translations

language

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 女真語／女真语 (Nǚzhēnyǔ)

• Japanese: 女真語 (じょしんご, joshingo)
• Korean: 여진어 (ko) (yeojineo)
• Russian: чжурчжэньский (ru) (čžurčžɛnʹskij)
• Vietnamese: tiếng Nữ Chân