栽

栽 U+683D, 栽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-683D ← 格 [U+683C] CJK Unified Ideographs 栾 → [U+683E]

Translingual

Han character

栽 (radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十戈木 (JID), four-corner 4395₀, composition ⿹𢦏木)

References

• KangXi: page 524, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14750
• Dae Jaweon: page 913, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1193, character 6
• Unihan data for U+683D

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		栽

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (𢦏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
𢦏	*ʔslɯː
栽	*ʔslɯː, *zlɯːs
哉	*ʔslɯː
烖	*ʔslɯː
載	*ʔslɯːʔ, *ʔslɯːs, *zlɯːs
渽	*ʔsɯː
睵	*ʔsɯː, *sʰɯː
溨	*zɯː
裁	*zlɯː, *zlɯːs
酨	*l'ɯːs, *zlɯːs
蛓	*sʰles, *sʰɯs
胾	*ʔsrɯs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔslɯː, *zlɯːs): semantic 木 + phonetic 𢦏 (OC *ʔslɯː).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zāi (zai¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞ

  (Chengdu, SP): zai¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): zai¹
• Min Nan (POJ): chai

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: zāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄞ
    • Wade–Giles: tsai1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzai
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zai
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zai¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zai
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zoi¹
    • Yale: jōi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zoi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːy̯⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: zai¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chai
    • Tâi-lô: tsai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zay
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡saɪ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡saɪ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡saɪ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡saɪ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡saɪ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡sʌi/

Rime
Character	栽
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	祖才切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səi/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səj/
Li Rong	/t͡sᴀi/
Wang Li	/t͡sɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zāi

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	栽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zāi
Middle Chinese	‹ tsoj ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁə/
English	plant (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	栽
Reading #	1/2
No.	16489
Phonetic component	
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	烖
Old Chinese	/*ʔslɯː/

Definitions

栽

1. to cultivate; to plant

   • 山上多栽樹，等於修水庫。雨多它能吞，雨少它能吐。 [MSC, trad.]
     山上多栽树，等于修水库。雨多它能吞，雨少它能吐。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2004, 普通话水平测试实施纲要

     Shān shàng duō zāi shù, děngyú xiū shuǐkù. Yǔ duō tā néng tūn, yǔ shào tā néng tǔ. [Pinyin]

     Planting more trees on mountains is akin to building reservoirs. If there's much rain they can take it in, if there's little rain they can dispense.

2. to care for plants
3. to tumble
4. (by extension) to fail

   • 17號在韓國栽了，她的地方空出來了，你今後的編號就是17號，住進她曾經住的房間。 [MSC, trad.]
     17号在韩国栽了，她的地方空出来了，你今后的编号就是17号，住进她曾经住的房间。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2017 June 22, 刘建平 (Liu Jianping), 《走私“骡子”》, in 《故事会》, ISSN 0257-0238, issue 634, page 72

     17 hào zài Hánguó zāi le, tā de dìfāng kòng chūlái le, nǐ jīnhòu de biānhào jiùshì 17 hào, zhù jìn tā céngjīng zhù de fángjiān. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Synonyms

• (to cultivate):

edit

• 培植 (péizhí)
• 栽培 (zāipéi)
• 栽種／栽种 (zāizhòng)

• 植 (zhí)
• 樹／树 (shù) (obsolete)
• 種／种 (zhǒng)

• 種植／种植 (zhòngzhí)
• 種樹／种树 (zhòngshù) (Classical Chinese)

Compounds

• 倒栽蔥／倒栽葱 (dàozāicōng)
• 抑制栽培
• 接替栽培
• 栽人
• 栽培 (zāipéi)
• 栽培植物
• 栽子 (zāizi)
• 栽排

• 栽植
• 栽秧 (zāiyāng)
• 栽種／栽种 (zāizhòng)
• 栽絨／栽绒
• 栽觔斗
• 栽贓／栽赃 (zāizāng)
• 栽跟頭／栽跟头
• 水耕栽培

• 無土栽培／无土栽培
• 盆栽 (pénzāi)
• 礫耕栽培／砾耕栽培
• 糊仔栽培
• 花栽子
• 買物栽贓／买物栽赃
• 輪栽／轮栽

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zài (zai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: zài
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˋ
    • Wade–Giles: tsai4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzay
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡zʌi^H/

Rime
Character	栽
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	昨代切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zəiH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zəjH/
Li Rong	/d͡zᴀiH/
Wang Li	/d͡zɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zài

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zlɯːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	栽
Reading #	2/2
No.	16502
Phonetic component	
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	載
Old Chinese	/*zlɯːs/

Definitions

栽

1. ^† to build using an ancient method of architectural construction

   • 里而栽，廣丈，高倍 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     里而栽，广丈，高倍 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, circa 4^th century BCE

     lǐ ér zài, guǎng zhàng, gāo bèi [Pinyin]

     He raised a mound at the distance of a li, 10 cubits thick, and twice as many in height

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Chengdu, SP): zuai¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zuai¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zuai
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suai⁵⁵/

Definitions

栽

1. Only used in 栽瞌睡, alternative form of 跩瞌睡.

References

• “栽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

栽

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. farm
2. cultivation
3. plantation

Readings

• Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
• Kun: うえる (ueru, 栽える)^{←うゑる (uweru, historical)}

Proper noun

栽(さい) • (Sai) 

1. A surname​.

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Korean

Hanja

栽 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae, Yale cay)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

栽: Hán Nôm readings: tài, trài

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.