吞

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See also: 呑
吞 U+541E, 吞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-541E
← 吝
[U+541D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吟 →
[U+541F]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

吞 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一大口 (MKR), four-corner 20603, composition ⿱天口)

  1. swallow
  2. absorb, annex, engulf

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 177, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3329
  • Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 585, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+541E

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 吞
alternative forms 呑

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (天) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
添 *tʰiːm
忝 *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms
悿 *tʰiːmʔ
舔 *l̥ʰiːmʔ
菾 *diːm
天 *qʰl'iːn
吞 *qʰl'iːn, *qʰl'ɯːn
祆 *qʰliːn
蚕 *zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ

Etymology 1[edit]

Attested somewhat late (in Warring States period's texts).

Starostin reconstructs 吞 (OC *tʰən) derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dʱɨ̄n/ŋ (“to swallow, to drink”), whence also Tibetan འཐུང ('thung, “to drink”) & Lepcha ᰋᰩᰵ (thóng, “to drink”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-tuŋ (“to drink, to suckle”); however, STEDT does not derive 吞 from or compare it to *m/s-tuŋ.

Schuessler (2007) compares it to several Kam-Tai words: Thai กลืน (glʉʉn), Ahom [script needed] (k(l)en), Saek [script needed] (tlɯɯnA1), Proto-Kam-Sui *ʔdun, etc.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 吞
Mandarin Beijing /tʰuən⁵⁵/
Harbin /tʰuən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tʰuən²¹/
Jinan /tʰuẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /tʰuə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tʰən²⁴/
Xi'an /tʰəŋ²¹/
Xining /tʰə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tʰũn³¹/
Ürümqi /tʰɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /tʰən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /tʰən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /tʰen⁵⁵/
Kunming /tʰuə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /tʰən³¹/ ～下去
/tʰun³¹/ 溫～水
Hefei /tʰən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /tʰəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /tʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /tʰəŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /tʰən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /tʰen³³/
Wenzhou /tʰø³³/
/tʰaŋ³³/ 慢～～
Hui Shexian /tʰʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /tʰin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tʰən³³/
Xiangtan /tʰən³³/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tʰun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʰun²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰɐn⁵³/
Nanning /tʰɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tʰɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tʰun⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tʰouŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /tʰuŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hun²³/
Rime
Character 吞
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 痕 (53)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 吐根切
Baxter thon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰən/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰən/
Li
Rong 		/tʰən/
Wang
Li 		/tʰən/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tūn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吞
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tūn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ˁən/
English to swallow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吞
Reading # 2/2
No. 12391
Phonetic
component 		天
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		吞
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰl'ɯːn/

Definitions[edit]

吞

  1. to swallow (to cause food, drink, etc. to pass from the mouth into the stomach)
    囫圇吞棗／囫囵吞枣  ―  húlúntūnzǎo  ―  Literally, “to swallow a jujube whole” > figuratively, "to accept without thinking; to read without understanding"
  2. to annex (territory, a country, etc.)
Synonyms[edit]
  • (to swallow): 吞吃 (tūnchī)
  • (to annex):

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

simp. and trad.
 吞
alternative forms 吴

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 吞
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 他前切
Baxter then
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰen/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰen/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰɛn/
Li
Rong 		/tʰen/
Wang
Li 		/tʰien/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tiān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tin1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吞
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tiān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ then ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ˁən/
English (surname)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吞
Reading # 1/2
No. 12388
Phonetic
component 		天
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		天
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰl'iːn/

Definitions[edit]

吞

  1. a surname

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

吞

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

吞 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an)

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Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

吞: Hán Nôm readings: thôn, xôn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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