忝

See also: 㤁

忝 U+5FDD, 忝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FDD ← 応 [U+5FDC] CJK Unified Ideographs 忞 → [U+5FDE]

Translingual

Han character

忝 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 7 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, Cangjie input 竹大心 (HKP) or 一大心 (MKP), four-corner 2033₃, composition ⿱天㣺(GHTKV) or ⿱夭㣺(J))

Derived characters

• 添, 舔, 掭, 悿, 婖, 㖭, 㮇, 䋬, 𡍞, 𤲖, 𥪌, 𢧏, 𧨩, 𩋅, 𩡋, 𫔗, 𬁮, 菾

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 377, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10348
• Dae Jaweon: page 704, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2279, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5FDD

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (天) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
添	*tʰiːm
忝	*l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms
悿	*tʰiːmʔ
舔	*l̥ʰiːmʔ
菾	*diːm
天	*qʰl'iːn
吞	*qʰl'iːn, *qʰl'ɯːn
祆	*qʰliːn
蚕	*zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms): phonetic 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		忝
alternative forms		㤁

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tiǎn (tian³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tim² / tim⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thiám

  (Hailu, HRS): tiam^ˊ

• Eastern Min (BUC): tiēng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tieng³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thiám

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tiam² / tiem²

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵thi / ³thie / ³thi / ¹thiaen / ¹thie / ¹thien / ³thien

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tiǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tiǎn
    • Wade–Giles: tʻien³
    • Yale: tyǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tean
    • Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: tim² / tim⁵
    • Yale: tím / tíhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tim² / tim⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: tim² / tim⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːm³⁵/, /tʰiːm¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiám
    • Hakka Romanization System: tiam^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tiam³
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯am³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: tiam^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰiam²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tiēng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰieŋ³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: tieng³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tiâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɛŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: tieng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɛŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiám
    • Tâi-lô: thiám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tiarm
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiam⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiam⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiam⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tʰiam⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiam⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tiam² / tiem²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiám / thiṳ́m
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiam⁵²/, /tʰiɯm⁵²/

Note:

• tiam2 - Chaozhou;
• tiem2 - Chenghai.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵thi
    • MiniDict: thi^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²thi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰi³⁴/
  • (Northern: Chongming, Suzhou, Tongxiang, Deqing)
    • Wugniu: ³thie
    • MiniDict: thie^上
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /tʰie⁴²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /tʰɪ⁵¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /tʰiɛ⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Deqing): /tʰie⁵³/
  • (Northern: Songjiang)
    • Wugniu: ³thi
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /tʰi⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Fuyang)
    • Wugniu: ¹thiaen
    • Sinological IPA (Fuyang): /tʰiɛ̃⁵³/
  • (Northern: Haiyan)
    • Wugniu: ¹thie
    • Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /tʰiɛ⁵¹/
  • (Northern: Cixi)
    • Wugniu: ¹thien
    • Sinological IPA (Cixi): /tʰiẽ³²⁴/
  • (Northern: Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ³thien
    • MiniDict: thien^上
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /tʰiẽ³³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: themX, themH

Rime
Character	忝	忝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	添 (157)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	他玷切	他念切
Baxter	themX	themH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰemX/	/tʰemH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰemX/	/tʰemH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛmX/	/tʰɛmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛmX/	/tʰɛmH/
Li Rong	/tʰemX/	/tʰemH/
Wang Li	/tʰiemX/	/tʰiemH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰiemX/	/tʰiemH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiǎn	tiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tim2	tim3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤ[i]mʔ/, /*l̥ˤ[i]mʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰiːmʔ/, /*l̥ʰiːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忝	忝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tiǎn	tiǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ themX ›	‹ themH ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁ[i]mʔ/	/*l̥ˁ[i]mʔ-s/
English	disgrace (v.)	disgrace
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忝	忝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12382	12385
Phonetic component	天	天
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	忝	㮇
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰiːmʔ/	/*l̥ʰiːms/

Definitions

忝

1. (literary) to shame
2. (literary, self-deprecatory) ashamedly; with disgrace

Compounds

• 忝列門牆 / 忝列门墙
• 忝在愛末 / 忝在爱末
• 忝眷
• 忝私
• 忝竊 / 忝窃
• 忝累
• 無忝所生 / 无忝所生
• 身名無忝 / 身名无忝

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		忝

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thiám

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiám
    • Tâi-lô: thiám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tiarm
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiam⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiam⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiam⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tʰiam⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiam⁴¹/

Definitions

忝

1. (Hokkien) alternative form of 悿 (“tired; serious”)

References

• “忝”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.

Japanese

Kanji

忝

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): てん (ten)
• Kun: かたじけない (katajikenai, 忝い)

Korean

Hanja

忝 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

忝: Hán Nôm readings: thỏm, thiểm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation