Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/d-k-ruk

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *dljəkʷ (Coblin, 1986)
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *d-k-ruk (Matisoff, 2003, STEDT); *d-kruk (Matisoff, 2003); *d-ruk (Chou, 1972; Benedict, 1972); *d-ruk ⪤ d-k-rok (LaPolla, 1987)

Numeral

*d-k-ruk

Proto-Sino-Tibetan numerals
ONE	*ʔit *kat *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik
TWO	*g/s-ni-s
THREE	*g-sum
FOUR	*b-ləj
FIVE	*l/b-ŋa
SIX	*d-k-ruk
SEVEN	*s-ni-s
EIGHT	*b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat
NINE	*d/s-kəw
TEN	*gip *ts(j)i(j) ~ tsjaj
TWENTY	*m-kul
HUNDRED	*b-r-gja
THOUSAND	*s-tawŋ

1. six

Descendants

• Old Chinese: 六 /*k.ruk/ (B-S), /*rug/ (ZS) (“six”)

  (in the oracle bone script)

  → Proto-Tai: *krokᴰ (“six”) (whence Thai หก (hòk), Lao ຫົກ (hok))

  • Middle Chinese: 六 (ljuwk) /lɨuk/

**:

→ Japanese: 六 (ろく, ​roku)
Korean: 육 (六, yuk)
Vietnamese: lục (六)

• • • Mandarin:
      • Beijing: 六 (liù) /li̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
      • Sichuanese:
        • Chengdu: 六 /nu²¹/
    • Cantonese:
      • Guangzhou-Hong Kong: 六 (luk⁶) /lʊk̚²/
    • Hakka:
      • Sixian: 六 (liuk) /li̯uk̚²/
      • Meixian: 六 (liug⁵) /liʊk̚¹/
    • Wu:
      • Shanghainese: 六 /lʊʔ¹²/
  • Min:
    • Coastal Min:
      • Eastern Min:
        • Fuzhou: 六 /l̃øyʔ⁵/
      • Min Nan:
        • Hokkien:
          • Quanzhou: 六 /lak̚²⁴/ (colloquial), /liɔk̚²⁴/ (literary)
          • Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Taipei: 六 /lak̚⁴/ (colloquial), /liɔk̚⁴/ (literary)
          • Zhangzhou: 六 /lak̚¹²¹/ (colloquial), /liɔk̚¹²¹/ (literary)
        • Teochew: 六 /lak̚⁴/
    • Inland Min:
      • Northern Min:
        • Jian'ou: 六 /ly⁴²/
• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Written Tibetan: དྲུག (drug, “six”)
        • Dzongkha: དྲུག (drug)
        • Sikkimese: ཏུཀ (tuk)
      • Eastern Bodish:
        • Kurtöp: དྲོ (dro)
• Tangut-Qiang
  • Northern Tangut
    • Tangut: 𗤁 (*tśhjiw¹, “six”)
  • rGyalrongic
    • Situ: (kə)tɽoʔk
• Jingpho-Asakian
  • Jingpho
    • Jingpho [Kachin]: kru (“six”)
• Sal
  • Bodo-Garo
    • Garo: dok (“six”)
    • Kokborok: dok (“six”)
    • Atong (India): dok (“six”)/korok (“six”)
• Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
  • Lolo-Burmese
    • Burmish
      • Burmese: ခြောက် (hkrauk, “six”)
    • Loloish
      • Northern Loloish
        • Yi (Liangshan): ꃘ (fut, “six”)
• Proto-Karen: *khrowᴬ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
  • S'gaw Karen: ဃု (xu)
  • Western Pwo: ဎူၫ
• → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *kruk