愚

愚 U+611A, 愚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-611A ← 愙 [U+6119] CJK Unified Ideographs 愛 → [U+611B]

Translingual

Han character

愚 (radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 田月心 (WBP), four-corner 6033₂, composition ⿱禺心)

Derived characters

• 𠏋, 㦙, 𦔧, 𡪾, 𦽳

References

• KangXi: page 395, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10946
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2321, character 7
• Unihan data for U+611A

---

Chinese

simp. and trad.		愚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (禺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
齵	*ŋoː, *ŋo
偶	*ŋoːʔ, *ŋoːs
耦	*ŋoːʔ
藕	*ŋoːʔ
髃	*ŋoːʔ, *ŋo
蕅	*ŋoːʔ
愚	*ŋo
隅	*ŋo
禺	*ŋo, *ŋos
湡	*ŋo
堣	*ŋo
嵎	*ŋo
鰅	*ŋo, *ŋoŋ
鍝	*ŋo
遇	*ŋos
寓	*ŋos
庽	*ŋos
媀	*ŋos
喁	*ŋoŋ
顒	*ŋoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋo): phonetic 禺 (OC *ŋo, *ŋos) + semantic 心 (“heart”) – stupid.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yú (yu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngì
• Min Bei (KCR): ngṳ̄
• Min Dong (BUC): ngṳ̀ / kṳ̀
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): gû / gî

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngo⁵ / ngu⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): nyy (T3)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yú
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
    • Wade–Giles: yü2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyu⁴
    • Yale: yùh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngi²
    • Sinological IPA: /ɲi¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳ̄
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋy⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̀ / kṳ̀
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋy⁵³/, /kʰy⁵³/

Note:

• ngṳ̀ - literary;
• kṳ̀ - vernacular.

Min Nan

• (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû
  • Tâi-lô: gû
  • Phofsit Daibuun: guu
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡu²³/
  • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /ɡu²⁴/
• (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gî
  • Tâi-lô: gî
  • Phofsit Daibuun: gii
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi¹³/
• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ngo⁵ / ngu⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngô / ngû
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵⁵/, /ŋu⁵⁵/

Note: ngu5 - Chaoyang.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: nyy (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲy²³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 愚
Mandarin	Beijing	/y³⁵/
	Harbin	/y⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/y⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/y²¹³/
	Qingdao	/y²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/y⁴²/
	Xi'an	/y²⁴/
	Xining	/y²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/y⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/y¹³/
	Ürümqi	/y²¹³/
	Wuhan	/y²¹³/
	Chengdu	/y³¹/
	Guiyang	/i²¹/
	Kunming	/i³¹/
	Nanjing	/y²⁴/
	Hefei	/zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/y¹¹/
	Pingyao	/y¹³/
	Hohhot	/y³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵy²³/
	Suzhou	/ȵy¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦz̩ʷ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵy³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ny⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/y⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/y¹³/
	Xiangtan	/y¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋi¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/ŋi²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jy²¹/
	Nanning	/y²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jy²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/gu³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋy⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋy⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ŋõ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/zi³¹/ /ŋai³¹/ 訓獃

---

• Middle Chinese: /ŋɨo/

Rime
Character	愚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	虞俱切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋio/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuə̆/
Li Rong	/ŋio/
Wang Li	/ŋĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋo/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愚
Reading #	1/1
No.	15919
Phonetic component	禺
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ŋo/

Definitions

愚

1. foolish; stupid
2. to fool; to dupe
3. (humble) I

   • 孟嘗君曰：「愚不知所謂也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     孟尝君曰：“愚不知所谓也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, circa 91 BCE

     Mèngcháng Jūn yuē: “Yú bùzhī suǒ wèi yě.” [Pinyin]

     Lord Mengchang said, "I don't understand what it means."

   • 愚以為宮中之事，事無大小，悉以咨之，然後施行…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 諸葛亮, 《出師表》, 227 CE

     yú yǐwèi gōngzhōng zhī shì, shìwúdàxiǎo, xī yǐ zī zhī, ránhòu shīxíng...... [Pinyin]

     I think they should be consulted on all court affairs, regardless of their sizes, before the court affairs are being put to execution.

Compounds

• 一得之愚 (yīdézhīyú)
• 上愚 (shàngyú)
• 下愚
• 下愚不移
• 使貪使愚／使贪使愚
• 凡愚
• 受愚
• 大愚不靈／大愚不灵
• 大智如愚
• 大智若愚 (dàzhìruòyú)
• 愚不可及 (yúbùkějí)
• 愚人 (yúrén)
• 愚人節／愚人节 (Yúrénjié)
• 愚兄
• 愚公 (Yúgōng)
• 愚公之居
• 愚公移山 (yúgōngyíshān)
• 愚公谷
• 愚劣
• 愚化
• 愚呆
• 愚夫
• 愚夫愚婦／愚夫愚妇

• 愚夯
• 愚妄 (yúwàng)
• 愚婦／愚妇
• 愚孝
• 愚弄 (yúnòng)
• 愚弟
• 愚忠 (yúzhōng)
• 愚意 (yúyì)
• 愚懦
• 愚懵
• 愚戇／愚戆
• 愚拙 (yúzhuō)
• 愚昧 (yúmèi)
• 愚昧無知／愚昧无知
• 愚民 (yúmín)
• 愚民政策 (yúmín zhèngcè)
• 愚氓 (yúméng)
• 愚氣／愚气
• 愚濫／愚滥
• 愚痴
• 愚直 (yúzhí)
• 愚眉肉眼
• 愚笨 (yúbèn)

• 愚者 (yúzhě)
• 愚者一得
• 愚而好自用
• 愚蒙
• 愚蠢 (yúchǔn)
• 愚見／愚见 (yújiàn)
• 愚迷
• 愚鈍／愚钝 (yúdùn)
• 愚陋
• 愚頑／愚顽 (yúwán)
• 愚騃
• 愚魯／愚鲁
• 憃愚
• 懦愚
• 振警愚頑／振警愚顽
• 疏慵愚鈍／疏慵愚钝
• 肉眼愚晦
• 肉眼愚眉
• 至愚極陋／至愚极陋
• 藏愚
• 賢愚不分／贤愚不分
• 鄉愚／乡愚
• 非愚則誣／非愚则诬

---

Japanese

Kanji

愚

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. foolish
2. folly
3. absurdity
4. stupid

Readings

• Go-on: ぐ (gu, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ぐ (gu, Jōyō)
• Kun: おろか (oroka, 愚か, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 愚(おろ)か (oroka)
• 愚(おろ)かしい (orokashii)
• 愚挙(ぐきょ) (gukyo)
• 愚行(ぐこう) (gukō)
• 愚(ぐ)妻(さい) (gusai)
• 愚人(ぐじん) (gujin)
• 愚図(ぐず)る (guzuru)

• 愚生(ぐせい) (gusei)
• 愚痴(ぐち) (guchi)
• 愚(ぐ)直(ちょく) (guchoku)
• 愚鈍(ぐどん) (gudon)
• 愚(ぐ)昧(まい) (gumai)
• 愚民(ぐみん) (gumin)
• 愚問(ぐもん) (gumon)

• 愚(ぐ)劣(れつ) (guretsu)
• 愚(ぐ)連隊(れんたい) (gurentai)
• 愚弄(ぐろう) (gurō)
• 闇愚(あんぐ) (angu)
• 凡愚(ぼんぐ) (bongu)
• 万愚(ばんぐ)節(せつ) (bangusetsu)
• 庸愚(ようぐ) (yōgu)

---

Korean

Hanja

愚 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Adjective

愚 • (ngu)

1. stupid; doltish; foolish