Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
愚 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 田月心 (WBP), four-corner 60332, composition ⿱禺心)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 395, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10946
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2321, character 7
- Unihan data for U+611A
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 齵
|
*ŋoː, *ŋo
|
| 偶
|
*ŋoːʔ, *ŋoːs
|
| 耦
|
*ŋoːʔ
|
| 藕
|
*ŋoːʔ
|
| 髃
|
*ŋoːʔ, *ŋo
|
| 蕅
|
*ŋoːʔ
|
| 愚
|
*ŋo
|
| 隅
|
*ŋo
|
| 禺
|
*ŋo, *ŋos
|
| 湡
|
*ŋo
|
| 堣
|
*ŋo
|
| 嵎
|
*ŋo
|
| 鰅
|
*ŋo, *ŋoŋ
|
| 鍝
|
*ŋo
|
| 遇
|
*ŋos
|
| 寓
|
*ŋos
|
| 庽
|
*ŋos
|
| 媀
|
*ŋos
|
| 喁
|
*ŋoŋ
|
| 顒
|
*ŋoŋ
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋo): phonetic 禺 (OC *ŋo, *ŋos) + semantic 心 (“heart”) – stupid.
Pronunciation[edit]
Note:
- ngṳ̀ - literary;
- kṳ̀ - vernacular.
Min Nan
Note: ngu5 - Chaoyang.
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
愚
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
| No.
|
15919
|
Phonetic
component
|
禺
|
Rime
group
|
侯
|
Rime
subdivision
|
0
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*ŋo/
|
Definitions[edit]
愚
- foolish; stupid
- to fool; to dupe
- (humble) I
孟嘗君曰：「愚不知所謂也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
孟尝君曰：“愚不知所谓也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, circa 91 BCE
- Mèngcháng Jūn yuē: “Yú bùzhī suǒ wèi yě.” [Pinyin]
- Lord Mengchang said, "I don't understand what it means."
愚以為宮中之事，事無大小，悉以咨之，然後施行…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]
愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: 諸葛亮, 《出師表》, 227 CE
- yú yǐwèi gōngzhōng zhī shì, shìwúdàxiǎo, xī yǐ zī zhī, ránhòu shīxíng...... [Pinyin]
- I think they should be consulted on all court affairs, regardless of their sizes, before the court affairs are being put to execution.
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of
我 (“I”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
吾, 我, 余, 予, 台, 朕, 臣, 愚 humble
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
我, 本人 humble, 在下 humble
|
| Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
我
|
| Taiwan
|
我
|
| Tianjin
|
我
|
| Chengde
|
我
|
| Tangshan
|
我
|
| Cangzhou
|
我, 俺
|
| Baoding
|
我
|
| Shijiazhuang
|
我, 俺
|
| Chifeng
|
我, 咱
|
| Hulunbuir (Hailar)
|
我
|
| Heihe
|
我, 俺
|
| Qiqihar
|
我, 俺
|
| Harbin
|
我, 俺
|
| Jiamusi
|
我, 俺, 咱
|
| Baicheng
|
我
|
| Changchun
|
我
|
| Tonghua
|
我, 俺
|
| Shenyang
|
我
|
| Dandong
|
我, 俺
|
| Jinzhou
|
我
|
| Dalian
|
我
|
| Yantai
|
我, 俺
|
| Muping
|
我, 俺
|
| Qingdao
|
我, 俺
|
| Lijin
|
我, 俺
|
| Weifang (Weicheng)
|
我, 俺
|
| Weifang (Fangzi)
|
我, 俺
|
| Weifang (Hanting)
|
我, 俺
|
| Changyi
|
我, 俺
|
| Gaomi
|
我, 俺
|
| Zhucheng
|
我, 俺
|
| Anqiu
|
我, 俺
|
| Changle
|
我, 俺
|
| Linqu
|
我, 俺
|
| Qingzhou
|
俺
|
| Rizhao
|
我, 俺
|
| Wulian
|
我, 俺
|
| Jinan
|
我, 俺
|
| Jining
|
我, 俺
|
| Luoyang
|
我, 俺
|
| Wanrong
|
我, 俺
|
| Shangqiu
|
我, 俺
|
| Yuanyang
|
我
|
| Zhengzhou
|
我, 俺
|
| Lingbao
|
我
|
| Xinyang
|
我
|
| Xi'an
|
我, 俺 †
|
| Baoji
|
我
|
| Yinchuan
|
我
|
| Tianshui
|
我
|
| Lanzhou
|
我
|
| Dunhuang
|
我
|
| Xining
|
我
|
| Hami
|
我
|
| Ürümqi
|
我
|
| Yanqi
|
我
|
| Wuhan
|
我
|
| Yichang
|
我
|
| Xiangyang
|
我
|
| Tianmen
|
我
|
| Hong'an
|
我
|
| Chengdu
|
我
|
| Nanchong
|
我
|
| Dazhou
|
我
|
| Hanyuan
|
我
|
| Xichang
|
我
|
| Zigong
|
我
|
| Chongqing
|
我
|
| Guiyang
|
我
|
| Zunyi
|
我
|
| Bijie
|
我
|
| Liping
|
我
|
| Zhaotong
|
我
|
| Dali
|
我
|
| Kunming
|
我
|
| Mengzi
|
我
|
| Guilin
|
我
|
| Liuzhou
|
我
|
| Nanning (Xiakuojie)
|
我
|
| Nanning (Fujian)
|
我
|
| Nanning (Wuming)
|
我
|
| Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming)
|
我
|
| Binyang (Nanjie)
|
我
|
| Qinzhou (Longmengang)
|
我
|
| Jishou
|
我
|
| Changde
|
我, 頑, 俺
|
| Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)
|
我
|
| Anqing
|
我
|
| Xuzhou
|
我, 俺, 咱
|
| Fuyang
|
我, 俺
|
| Wuhu
|
我
|
| Yangzhou
|
我
|
| Lianyungang
|
我
|
| Lianshui
|
我
|
| Xinghua
|
我
|
| Nanjing
|
我
|
| Hefei
|
我
|
| Nantong
|
我
|
| Malaysia
|
我
|
| Singapore
|
我
|
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
|
我
|
| Dagudi (Maliba)
|
我
|
| Reshuitang (Longling)
|
我
|
| Mae Salong (Lancang)
|
我
|
| Mae Sai (Tengchong)
|
我
|
| Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)
|
我
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
我
|
| Hong Kong
|
我
|
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
|
我
|
| Macau
|
我
|
| Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
我
|
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
我
|
| Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
我
|
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
我
|
| Foshan
|
我
|
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
我
|
| Foshan (Shunde)
|
我
|
| Foshan (Sanshui)
|
我
|
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
我
|
| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
我
|
| Zhuhai (Qianshan)
|
我
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)
|
我
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
我
|
| Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
𠊎
|
| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
我
|
| Taishan
|
我
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
我
|
| Enping (Niujiang)
|
我
|
| Heshan (Yayao)
|
我
|
| Dongguan
|
我
|
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
我
|
| Qingyuan
|
我
|
| Fogang
|
我
|
| Yingde (Hanguang)
|
我
|
| Yangshan
|
我
|
| Lianshan (Butian)
|
我
|
| Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)
|
我
|
| Shaoguan
|
我
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
我
|
| Renhua
|
我
|
| Lechang
|
我
|
| Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
|
我
|
| Sihui
|
我
|
| Guangning
|
我
|
| Deqing
|
我
|
| Huaiji
|
我
|
| Fengkai (Nanfeng)
|
儂
|
| Yunfu
|
我, 儂
|
| Xinxing
|
我
|
| Luoding
|
我
|
| Yunan (Pingtai)
|
我
|
| Yangjiang
|
我
|
| Xinyi
|
我
|
| Maoming (Xinpo)
|
我
|
| Lianjiang
|
我
|
| Wuchuan (Wuyang)
|
我
|
| Nanning
|
我
|
| Wuzhou
|
我
|
| Yulin
|
我
|
| Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
我
|
| Guiping
|
我
|
| Mengshan (Xihe)
|
我
|
| Guigang (Nanjiang)
|
儂
|
| Beiliu (Tangliao)
|
我
|
| Baise
|
我
|
| Bobai
|
我
|
| Lingshan
|
我
|
| Pubei
|
我
|
| Qinzhou
|
我
|
| Beihai
|
我
|
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
|
我
|
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)
|
我
|
| Ningming
|
我
|
| Hengxian
|
我
|
| Hezhou (Pumen)
|
儂
|
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)
|
我
|
| Danzhou
|
我
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
我
|
| Penang (Guangfu)
|
我
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
我
|
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
我
|
| Móng Cái
|
我
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
我
|
| Lichuan
|
我
|
| Pingxiang
|
我
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
𠊎
|
| Xingning
|
𠊎
|
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Huiyang
|
𠊎
|
| Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Huidong (Daling)
|
𠊎
|
| Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
𠊎
|
| Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Boluo (Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
𠊎
|
| Zengcheng (Zhengguo)
|
𠊎
|
| Zhongshan (Wuguishan)
|
𠊎
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
𠊎
|
| Wuhua (Shuizhai)
|
𠊎
|
| Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
𠊎
|
| Wuhua (Changbu)
|
𠊎
|
| Wuhua (Mianyang)
|
𠊎
|
| Wuhua (Meilin)
|
𠊎
|
| Heyuan (Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Wengyuan
|
𠊎
|
| Nanxiong (Zhuji)
|
𠊎
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
𠊎
|
| Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)
|
我
|
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
|
𠊎
|
| Liannan
|
𠊎
|
| Conghua (Lütian)
|
𠊎
|
| Jiexi
|
𠊎
|
| Luhe
|
𠊎
|
| Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)
|
𠊎
|
| Changting
|
𠊎
|
| Wuping
|
𠊎
|
| Wuping (Yanqian)
|
𠊎
|
| Wuping (Pingyu)
|
𠊎
|
| Liancheng
|
𠊎
|
| Ninghua
|
𠊎
|
| Yudu
|
𠊎
|
| Ningdu
|
𠊎
|
| Ruijin
|
𠊎
|
| Shicheng
|
𠊎
|
| Shangyou
|
𠊎
|
| Tonggu (Sandu)
|
𠊎
|
| Ganzhou (Panlong)
|
𠊎
|
| Dayu
|
𠊎
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
𠊎
|
| Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian)
|
𠊎
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu)
|
𠊎
|
| Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu)
|
𠊎
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping)
|
𠊎
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an)
|
𠊎
|
| Hong Kong
|
𠊎
|
| Yangxi (Tangkou)
|
𠊎
|
| Yangchun (Sanjia)
|
𠊎
|
| Xinyi (Sihe)
|
𠊎
|
| Xinyi (Qianpai)
|
𠊎
|
| Gaozhou (Xindong)
|
𠊎
|
| Dianbai (Shalang)
|
𠊎
|
| Huazhou (Xin'an)
|
𠊎
|
| Lianjiang (Shijiao)
|
𠊎
|
| Lianjiang (Qingping)
|
𠊎
|
| Mengshan (Xihe)
|
𠊎
|
| Luchuan
|
𠊎
|
| Luchuan (Daqiao)
|
𠊎
|
| Bobai (Shahe)
|
𠊎
|
| Bobai (Longtan)
|
𠊎
|
| Bobai (Lingping)
|
𠊎
|
| Bobai (Lingjiao)
|
𠊎
|
| Beiliu (Tang'an)
|
𠊎
|
| Mashan (Pianlian)
|
我
|
| Sabah (Longchuan)
|
𠊎, 我
|
| Senai (Huiyang)
|
𠊎
|
| Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)
|
𠊎
|
| Singkawang
|
𠊎
|
| Singapore (Dabu)
|
𠊎
|
| Bangkok (Meixian)
|
𠊎
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
我
|
| Shexian
|
我
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
我, 俺 †, used only by females
|
| Yangyuan
|
我, 俺
|
| Datong
|
我
|
| Xinzhou
|
我, 俺
|
| Lishi
|
我
|
| Linfen
|
我
|
| Changzhi
|
我
|
| Linhe
|
我
|
| Jining
|
我
|
| Hohhot
|
我, 俺
|
| Erenhot
|
我, 俺
|
| Pingshan
|
我, 俺
|
| Zhangjiakou
|
我
|
| Handan
|
我, 俺
|
| Linzhou
|
我, 俺
|
| Suide
|
我
|
| Min Bei
|
Jian'ou
|
我, 俺
|
| Min Dong
|
Fuzhou
|
我, 奴
|
| Singapore (Fuqing)
|
我
|
| Manjung (Gutian)
|
我
|
| Min Nan
|
Xiamen
|
我, 阮
|
| Xiamen (Tong'an)
|
我
|
| Quanzhou
|
我, 阮
|
| Jinjiang
|
我
|
| Zhangzhou
|
我, 阮
|
| Zhangpu
|
我
|
| Zhao'an
|
我
|
| Taipei
|
我, 阮 GT
|
| Taipei (Wanhua)
|
我
|
| New Taipei (Tamsui)
|
我
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
我
|
| New Taipei (Pingxi)
|
我
|
| Kaohsiung
|
我
|
| Kaohsiung (Cijin)
|
我
|
| Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)
|
我
|
| Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)
|
我
|
| Yilan
|
我
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
我
|
| Taichung
|
我
|
| Taichung (Wuqi)
|
我
|
| Tainan
|
我
|
| Taitung
|
我
|
| Hsinchu
|
我
|
| Kinmen
|
我
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
我
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
我
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
我
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
我
|
| Medan (Hokkien)
|
我
|
| Datian
|
我
|
| Pingnan (Shangdu)
|
我
|
| Guilin (Biyange)
|
我
|
| Chaozhou
|
我
|
| Shantou
|
我
|
| Shantou (Chenghai)
|
我
|
| Shantou (Chaoyang)
|
我
|
| Jieyang
|
我
|
| Haifeng
|
我
|
| Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
我
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
我
|
| Pontianak (Teochew)
|
我
|
| Leizhou
|
我
|
| Wenchang
|
我, 儂 polite/humble
|
| Haikou
|
我
|
| Singapore (Hainanese)
|
我, 儂 polite/humble
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
我
|
| Xianyou
|
我
|
| Min Zhong
|
Yanping (Wangtai)
|
我
|
| Zhongshan Min
|
Shaxi (Longdu)
|
我
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
我
|
| Northern Pinghua
|
Guilin (Dahe)
|
我
|
| Waxiang
|
Guzhang (Gaofeng)
|
我
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
我, 吾, 阿拉
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
我
|
| Suzhou
|
我, 奴
|
| Danyang
|
我
|
| Hangzhou
|
我
|
| Ningbo
|
我, 我儂, 像我
|
| Wenzhou
|
我
|
| Jinhua
|
我, 我儂
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
我
|
| Loudi
|
我
|
| Shuangfeng
|
我, 卬
|
| Quanzhou
|
我
|
| Note
|
† - as an attributive, used without 的; GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
|
Descendants[edit]
→ Thai: โง่ (ngôo, “ignorant; stupid; unintelligent”)
Compounds[edit]
Japanese[edit]
愚
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
- foolish
- folly
- absurdity
- stupid
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
愚 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Adjective[edit]
愚 • (ngu)
- stupid; doltish; foolish
