愚民

Chinese

		stupid	the people; nationality; citizen
trad. (愚民)		愚	民
simp. #(愚民)		愚	民

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yúmín

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ man⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gû-bîn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yúmín
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yúmín
    • Wade–Giles: yü²-min²
    • Yale: yú-mín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yumin
    • Palladius: юйминь (jujminʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵ min³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 愚民 漁民／渔民

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyu⁴ man⁴
    • Yale: yùh màhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ man⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ men⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ mɐn²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 愚民 漁民／渔民

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû-bîn
    • Tâi-lô: gû-bîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gu'biin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡu²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡu²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡu¹³⁻²² bin¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ bin²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡu²³⁻³³ bin²³/

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• Middle Chinese: ngju mjin

Rime
Character	愚	民
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	虞俱切	彌鄰切
Baxter	ngju	mjin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨo/	/miɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋio/	/min/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋio/	/mjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuə̆/	/min/
Li Rong	/ŋio/	/miĕn/
Wang Li	/ŋĭu/	/mĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯u/	/mi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú	mín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu4	man4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋo  min/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	民
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mín
Middle Chinese	‹ mjin ›
Old Chinese	/*mi[ŋ]/
English	people
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愚	民
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15919	9130
Phonetic component	禺	民
Rime group	侯	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime		民
Old Chinese	/*ŋo/	/*min/

Noun

愚民

1. ignorant people; the ignorant masses

   • 假令愚民取長陵一抔土，陛下何以加其法乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     假令愚民取长陵一抔土，陛下何以加其法乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Jiǎ lìng yúmín qǔ cháng líng yī póu tǔ, bìxià héyǐ jiā qí fǎ hū? [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 那些愚民，一個個信了。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     那些愚民，一个个信了。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1628 CE, Ling Mengchu, Slapping the Table in Amazement I

     Nàxiē yúmín, yīgègè xìn le. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Verb

愚民

1. to keep the people ignorant; to stultify the masses; to engage in obscurantism

   • 然其所以若此者，將以愚民，而固不欲以自愚也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     然其所以若此者，将以愚民，而固不欲以自愚也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 清．劉大櫆《焚書辨》

     Rán qí suǒyǐ ruò cǐ zhě, jiāng yǐ yúmín, ér gù bù yù yǐ zì yú yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

• 愚民政策 (yúmín zhèngcè)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (愚民):

• → Japanese: 愚(ぐ)民(みん) (gumin)
• → Korean: 우민(愚民) (umin)

References

• “Entry #163285”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
愚	民
ぐ Grade: S	みん Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぐみん [gùmíń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɡɯ̟mʲĩɴ]

Noun

愚(ぐ)民(みん) • (gumin) 

1. ignorant commoners

Korean

Hanja in this term
愚	民

Noun

愚民 • (umin) (hangeul 우민)

1. hanja form^? of 우민 (“ignorant people; the ignorant masses”)