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おどろく

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Alternative spellings
驚く
愕く
駭く

Etymology

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From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] Ultimate derivation unclear. Possibilities include:

  • Cognate with, or otherwise alteration from, 轟く (todoroku, to make a loud noise, as when surprised)
  • Derived from apparent conjugation form odo from 怖づ (odu, odzu, to be afraid, to be scared of something, modern verb 怖じる, ojiru), plus uncertain suffix -roku

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 驚く
Plain 驚く どろ [òdóróꜜkù]
Conjunctive 驚いて どろいて [òdóróꜜìtè]
Perfective 驚いた どろいた [òdóróꜜìtà]
Negative 驚かない どろかない [òdórókáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 驚かなかった どろかなかった [òdórókáꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 驚けば どろけば [òdóróꜜkèbà]
Past conditional 驚いたら どろいたら [òdóróꜜìtàrà]
Imperative 驚け どろ [òdóróꜜkè]
Volitional 驚こう どろこ [òdórókóꜜò]
Desiderative 驚きたい どろきた [òdórókítáꜜì]
Formal 驚きます どろきま [òdórókímáꜜsù]
Formal negative 驚きません どろきませ [òdórókímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 驚きましょう どろきましょ [òdórókímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 驚きました どろきました [òdórókímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 驚き
驚きに
どろ
どろきに
[òdóróꜜkì]
[òdóróꜜkì nì]
Negative continuative 驚かず
驚かずに
どろか
どろかずに
[òdórókáꜜzù]
[òdórókáꜜzù nì]
Passive 驚かれる どろかれ [òdórókáréꜜrù]
Causative 驚かせる
驚かす
どろかせ
どろか
[òdórókáséꜜrù]
[òdórókáꜜsù]
Potential 驚ける どろけ [òdórókéꜜrù]

Verb

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おどろく (odorokuintransitive godan (stem おどろき (odoroki), past おどろいた (odoroita))

  1. to be astonished, surprised, amazed, startled
    • 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説, translation of "Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa":
      この(かく)(めい)(もの)(がたり)やその(あと)()()(ごと)は、(おどろ)()たらない。
      Kono kakumei no monogatari ya sono ato no dekigoto wa, odoroku ni ataranai.
      The story of this revolution, and the ones that followed, should not have come as a surprise.
    • 1956, Yasunari Kawabata, Yukiguni [Snow Country]:
      (かれ)(おどろ)いて(はな)させると(ふか)()(がた)がついていた。
      Kare ga odoroite hanasaseru to fukai hagata ga tsuite ita.
      Startled, he pulled her arm away: deep tooth marks were on it.

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "おどろく" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") おどろか odoroka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") おどろき odoroki
Shūshikei ("terminal") おどろく odoroku
Rentaikei ("attributive") おどろく odoroku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") おどろけ odoroke
Meireikei ("imperative") おどろけ odoroke
Key constructions
Passive おどろかれる odorokareru
Causative おどろかせる
おどろかす
odorokaseru
odorokasu
Potential おどろける odorokeru
Volitional おどろこう odorokō
Negative おどろかない odorokanai
Negative continuative おどろかず odorokazu
Formal おどろきます odorokimasu
Perfective おどろいた odoroita
Conjunctive おどろいて odoroite
Hypothetical conditional おどろけば odorokeba

Synonyms

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References

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  1. ^ 驚・愕・駭”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN