廓

廓	U+5ED3, 廓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5ED3

廓	U+FA0B, 廓 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA0B

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[U+FA0A]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

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[U+FA0C]

Translingual

Han character

廓 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈卜木中 (IYDL), four-corner 0022₇, composition ⿸广郭)

Derived characters

𮟜, 𱳒

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 350, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9461
Dae Jaweon: page 661, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 895, character 13
Unihan data for U+5ED3

Unihan data for U+FA0B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		廓
alternative forms		𢌓𢋽

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (郭) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
郭	*kʷaːɡ
埻	tjunʔ, kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ
崞	*kʷaːɡ
椁	*kʷaːɡ
槨	*kʷaːɡ
噋	tʰuːn, kʰʷaːɡ
廓	*kʰʷaːɡ
鞹	*kʰʷaːɡ
漷	kʰʷaːɡ, qʰʷraːɡ
霩	*qʰʷaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰʷaːɡ): semantic 广 (“broad; wide; extensive”) + phonetic 郭 (OC *kʷaːɡ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kuò (kuo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwok³ / gwok³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khok
Eastern Min (BUC): guóh
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khok / koh

(Teochew, Peng'im): guag⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuò
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuo⁴
  - Yale: kwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuoh
  - Palladius: ко (ko)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kwok³ / gwok³
  - Yale: kwok / gwok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwok⁸ / gwok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuog³ / guog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɔːk̚³/, /kʷɔːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khok
  - Hakka Romanization System: kog^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰok̚²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: guóh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuɔʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khok
  - Tâi-lô: khok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qog
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔk̚⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koh
  - Tâi-lô: koh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koiq
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /koʔ³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /koʔ⁵/

Note:

khok - literary;
koh - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: guag⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuak
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuak̚²/

Middle Chinese: khwak

Rime
Character	廓
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	鐸 (104)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦郭切
Baxter	khwak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰwɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwak̚/
Li Rong	/kʰuɑk̚/
Wang Li	/kʰuɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰwɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fok³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷʰˤak/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	廓
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuò
Middle Chinese	‹ khwak ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷʰˁak/
English	widen
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	廓
Reading #	1/1
No.	4758
Phonetic component	郭
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	廓
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷaːɡ/

Definitions

廓

broad; wide; open; empty
(literary) to expand; to widen
(literary) to clear away; to eliminate
outline; contour
輪廓／轮廓 ― lúnkuò ― outline
46th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "enlargement" (𝌳)

Compounds

References

“廓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

廓

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: かく (kaku)
Kan-on: かく (kaku)
Kun: とりで (toride)、くるわ (kuruwa, 廓)

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
廓
くるわ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 廓 – see the following entry.

【くるわ】

[noun] [from late 1500s] a palisade, wall, moat, natural waterway, or other structure used to divide a specific area from its surroundings, such as a castle or fort

[noun] [probably from early 1600s] the area so bounded by such a structure

[noun] [from 1678] a red-light district, specifically one that is divided from the rest of the town by means of a wall or fence or similar structure

[noun] [from 1698] (poetry, haiku) in 俳諧 (haikai, “vulgar haiku”), the general realm of subject matter used for the opening line

Alternative spellings
曲輪, 郭

(This term, 廓, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

“^▲廓”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 廓 (MC khwak).

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

廓

廓 (eumhun 둘레 곽 (dulle gwak))

hanja form^? of 곽 (“girdle, circumference, outside, enclosure, wall”)
Synonym: 郭 (곽 (gwak))

Compounds

내곽 (內郭/內廓, naegwak, “interior”)
성곽 (城郭/城廓, seonggwak, “castle walls”)
외곽 (外郭/外廓, oegwak, “outskirt”)
유곽 (遊廓, yugwak, “brothel; whorehouse”)
윤곽 (輪廓, yun'gwak, “outline; overview”)
흉곽 (胸廓, hyunggwak, “thorax”)

Etymology 2

Hanja

廓 (eumhun 클 확 (keul hwak))

hanja form^? of 확 (“wide; broad; large”)
Synonym: 廣 (광 (gwang))
hanja form^? of 확 (“to widen; broaden; enlarge”)
Synonym: 擴 (확 (hwak))

Compounds

확대 (廓大, hwakdae, “expansion”)
확락 (廓落, hwangnak)
확연 (廓然, hwagyeon, “being large and empty”)
확청 (廓淸, hwakcheong)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

廓: Hán Nôm readings: quách

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